男性外卖骑手性别气质的空间实践——基于对B市外卖骑手的考察  

The Spatial Practice of Male Takeout Riders’ Gender Temperament

作　　者：贺灵敏[1] 任昊 He Lingmin;Ren Hao

机构地区：[1]延安大学政法与公共管理学院 [2]中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心

出　　处：《青年研究》2022年第3期27-39,94,95,共15页Youth Studies

基　　金：2019年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国网络社会的现实基础、本土特色与运行模式研究”(19JJD840003);2021年国家社会科学基金重大项目“实施数字乡村建设行动研究”(21ZDA057)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：通过田野发现,与传统男性“支配—从属”气质生产的劳动空间不同,男性外卖骑手的双重性别气质由缺场的数字劳动空间所形塑。公司利用数字空间的规训策略建构男性外卖骑手“养家糊口者”“竞争”的支配气质和“谦卑”“讨好”的从属气质。骑手的支配气质在物理劳动空间路线选择中得到强化;从属气质则被物理劳动空间中关键他者的时空支配和重新编码身体活动等空间策略强化。强化的结果使男性骑手陷入“低支配—高从属”的气质状态,由此引发气质焦虑。对此,男性骑手选择在劳动空间和休憩空间采取不同的策略以消解气质焦虑并强化支配气质。这有助于拓宽有关传统劳动空间与男性气质的研究,也利于理解数字工人男性气质的动态建构过程。Based on the field survey,we find that the male takeout riders’ dual gender temperaments are shaped by the absent digital labor space,which is different from the labor space produced by traditional males’ “dominant-subordinate” temperament.The companies make use of the disciplinary strategies from digital space,and hence construct the male takeout riders’ dominant temperament characterized by “breadwinners” and “competition”,subordinate temperature characterized by “humility” and “ingratiation”.Regarding the takeout riders’ dominant temperament,it would be reinforced in the route selection of physical labor space;regarding their subordinate temperament,it would be reinforced by the key others’ spatial-temporal control in physical labor space and the spatial strategies like recoding physical activity,etc.As the result of reinforcement,the male takeout riders would fall into the temperament state characterized by “low dominance-high subordination”,which would lead to their temperament anxiety.In this regard,the male takeout riders would choose to take different strategies in labor space and rest space,hence they could eliminate their temperament anxiety and strengthen dominant temperament.These findings could broaden the studies of traditional labor space and masculinity;they are also beneficial for us to understand the digital workers’ dynamic construction process of masculinity.

关 键 词：外卖骑手 双重性别气质 数字劳动空间 物理劳动空间 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济] F719.3[社会学] C913.14