“同病异名”的肺结核与痨病——兼论中国现代文学中“身体”的多义性  

On the different names of tuberculosis——And the polysemy of"Body"in modern Chinese literature

作　　者：洪亮[1] Hong Liang

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2022年第6期20-26,191,共8页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：肺结核作为一种被高度浪漫化的疾病,它在中国现代作家笔下所被赋予的隐喻意义得到了不少研究者的关注,但是同样经常在文学作品中出现的痨病,却鲜有人论及。“肺结核”与“痨病”基本上指的是同一种疾病,但其象征意义却大相径庭:前者意味着文雅、精致和敏感,那些被视为精神贵族的知识分子是“易感人群”;后者则意味着苦难、劳碌与贫穷,它往往与底层民众联系在一起。指出这一点并不能推翻肺结核在文学作品中是一种“贵族病”的结论,不过由此出发,我们却可以进而探讨文学中“身体”的多义性:它既可以是最抽象的,也可以是最具体的,而这两个含义又分别与浪漫主义和现实主义的作品构成了某种关联。因而“肺结核”与“痨病”的同病异名现象,也就可以视为中国现代文学中的浪漫主义与现实主义两种思潮之独特关系的隐喻。As a highly romanticized disease,tuberculosis and its metaphorical meaning in modern Chinese literature often attract researchers’attention.But"laobing",another Chinese name of this disease,is often neglected.Tuberculosis,which is thought to be susceptible to the intellectual,means elegant,delicacy and sensitive.But"laobing",which is thought to be susceptible to the poor people,means distress,toil and penury.The conclusion that tuberculosis is a"noble disease"cannot be reversed by such a fact,but it suggests the polysemy of"body"in literature:"body"can be very abstract or very concrete,and the two meanings just concern with realistic and romantic literature works.Thus,the different Chinese names of tuberculosis can be seen as a metaphor of the special relationship of realism and romanticism in modern Chinese literature.

关 键 词：肺结核 痨病 身体 现实主义 浪漫主义 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]