单位的反性骚扰义务与相关侵权责任研究  

Research on the Anti-Sexual Harassment Duty of Organizations and Relevant Tort Liability

作　　者：张新宝[1,2] Zhang Xinbao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第3期60-81,共22页China Legal Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“民法在建设职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系中的作用研究”(项目批准号:21ZDA050)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第1010条第2款对单位的反性骚扰义务作出了规定。单位的反性骚扰义务贯穿于性骚扰的事前预防、事中制止与事后处置三个阶段,以防止和制止利用职权关系、从属关系实施性骚扰为重点,在性质上属于积极作为义务和安全保障义务。单位未尽到反性骚扰义务造成他人损害的,应当承担过错侵权责任。单位的侵权责任属于单独的侵权责任,与行为人的侵权责任不发生连带责任、按份责任或者补充责任等共同责任关系。实践中应当正确认定单位的侵权责任,并综合适用消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉、恢复原状、赔偿损失等责任方式。在更广泛的意义上,明确单位的反性骚扰义务可以使劳:动者的劳动安全卫生权以及平等就业权等合法权益得到更好的保护,促进性别平等并引导所有社会成员在充分尊重他人的基础上进行社会交往。Paragraph 2 of article 1010 of the Civil Code stipulates the duty of organizations to combat sexual harassment. The anti-sexual harassment duty runs through three stages of preventing sexual harassment in advance, stopping it in the process and dealing with it afterwards, focusing on preventing and stopping sexual harassment by taking advantage of one’s position and power or a superior-subordinate relationship. In nature, it is the duty of maintaining safety. The organizations shall bear tort liability if they fail to fulfill the anti-sexual harassment duty and thus cause damage to another person. It is a separate tort liability, and the organization shall not assume joint and several liability, shared liability or supplementary liability with the actor. In practice, the tort liability of organizations should be correctly determined, and the forms of liability such as elimination of adverse effects, rehabilitation of reputation, extension of apologies, restoration, and compensation for losses should be comprehensively applied. In a broader sense, clarifying the anti-sexual harassment duty can better protect workers’ lawful rights and interests such as the right of work safety and hygiene and the right to equal employment opportunity, promote gender equality and guide all members of society to interact with each other on the basis of full respect for others.

关 键 词：性骚扰 反性骚扰义务 积极作为义务 安全保障义务 过错责任 劳动者保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]