理性情绪疗法对高水平篮球运动员赛前情绪的干预效果研究  

Research on the Intervention Effect of Rational Emotive Therapy on the Pre Competition Emotion of High-Level Basketball Players

作　　者：李明昊 张乐 李才才 LI Minghao;ZHANG Le;LI Caicai(School of Physical Education,Yan'an University,Yan'an,Shaanxi Province,716000 China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学体育学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《当代体育科技》2022年第14期23-26,共4页Contemporary Sports Technology

摘　　要：高水平的篮球比赛不仅是运动员体能和技能的比拼,同时也是其心理素质的抗衡。研究表明,运动员的赛前心理素质和心理能力的提升是获得良好比赛成绩的关键。研究发现,运动员在个体失败焦虑、社会期待焦虑、躯体焦虑和自信心方面的分数分别为25.16±5.41分、25.53±3.87分、23.68±4.37分和32.93±4.47分,说明篮球运动员的认知状态焦虑程度(个体失败焦虑和社会期待焦虑)高于躯体状态焦虑,即运动员赛前内心主观焦虑程度高于生理表现,而且部分运动员的自信心指标有待提升。在接受理性情绪疗法后,实验组高水平运动员比赛前的自信指标有效提升(P<0.05),个体失败焦虑、社会期待焦虑和躯体焦虑相较于理性情绪疗法干预前存在明显的下降现象(P<0.05)。与普通心理疗法相比,理性情绪疗法对运动员赛前情绪的调控更有效(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,理性情绪疗法对于运动员自信心的提升和焦虑的干预效果显著,将理性情绪疗法融入高水平篮球运动员赛前情绪调控中,对于提高其比赛成绩具有显著作用。A high-level basketball competition is not only a competition of athletes'physical fitness and skills,but also a countermeasure of their psychological quality.The research have found that the scores of athletes for individual failure anxiety,social expectation anxiety,physical anxiety and self-confidence are 25.16±5.41 points,25.53±3.87 points,23.68±4.37 points and 32.93±4.47 points,respectively,which indicating that the degree of cognitive state anxiety of basketball players(Individual failure anxiety and social expectation anxiety)are higher than physical state anxiety,that is,the degree of psychological subjective anxiety of athletes before competition was higher than that of physiological performance,Moreover,the self-confidence indicators of some athletes need to be improved.After receiving Rational Emotive Therapy(RET),the self-confidence index of high-level athletes in the experimental group before the competition was effectively improved(P<0.05),and the individual failure anxiety,social expectation anxiety and physical anxiety decreased significantly compared with that before the intervention of RET(P<0.05).Compared with general psychotherapy,RET is more effective in regulating athletes'emotion before competition(P<0.05).The results show that RET has a significant effect on the improvement of athletes'self-confidence and anxiety.The integration of RET into the pre competition emotional regulation of high-level basketball players plays a significant role in improving their performance.

关 键 词：理性情绪疗法 高水平篮球运动员 赛前情绪 干预效果 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]