吉林某弹药销毁场土壤炸药污染调查及其赋存状态研究  

Investigation on Soil Explosive Pollution and Occurrence Status of a Certain Ammunition Destruction Site in Jilin Province

作　　者：孟欢 朱勇兵 王晴 聂钰淋 王强[1] 赵三平 MENG Huan;ZHU Yongbing;WANG Qing;NIE Yulin;WANG Qiang;ZHAO Sanping(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China;State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学化学化工学院,长沙410000 [2]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2022年第3期31-39,共9页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21876203);中国科学院重点部署资助项目(KGFZD-135-19-09)。

摘　　要：研究吉林某军事弹药销毁场土壤炸药污染程度以及炸药在土壤中的赋存状态,为炸药和重金属污染土壤修复提供针对性策略。采集了某弹药销毁厂焚烧销毁区表层土壤样品,分析了其理化性质和常见重金属元素含量,测试了土壤全样和不同颗粒度土壤样品中炸药污染物的含量,并结合热重-傅里叶变换红外光谱(TGA-FTIR)对炸药污染土壤样品热力学行为的表征,探讨了炸药污染物的赋存状态,炸药和重金属组合污染特征等。土壤中含有高浓度的三硝基甲苯(TNT)、二硝基甲苯(DNT)、环三亚甲基三硝铵(RDX)、二硝基氨基甲苯(ADNT)等炸药污染物及其降解产物,并表现出土壤细颗粒富集趋势,其中土壤全样中TNT总浓度达到了1.66×10^(4) mg/kg,远远高于EPA推荐的土壤TNT指导限值,RDX超过了以土壤环境为目标的指导限值;销毁活动还造成了土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn重金属浓度的升高,分别为400、318、1030 mg/kg。土壤中受到重金属和有机质等因素的影响,土壤中经过长期老化的炸药污染物的热解行为明显不同于自由态的炸药分子,热解温度升高、过程延长。在销毁区炸药污染土壤的修复中,应加强炸药污染物与重金属相互作用的研究,并在修复治理实践中采取协同修复的策略。The pollution degree of explosives in soil of a military ammunition destruction site in Jilin province and the occurrence state of explosives in soil were studied in order to provide targeted strategies for remediation of explosives and heavy metals contaminated soil.Surface soil samples from the incineration area of an ammunition destruction plant were collected,and then physical and chemical properties and the content of common heavy metal elements of collected soil were analyzed,the content of explosive contaminants in the whole soil sample and soil samples of different particle sizes were tested,the thermogravimetric-Fourier analysis transformation infrared spectroscopy(TGA-FTIR)was used for the characterization of the thermodynamic behavior of explosive contaminated soil samples.The occurrence state of explosive pollutants,and the pollution characteristics of explosive combined heavy metal were discussed.The soil contains high concentrations of TNT,DNT,RDX,ADNT and other explosive pollutants and their degradation products,and shows tendency to enrich soil fine particles.The total concentration of TNT in the entire soil sample reached 1.66×10^(4) mg/kg,which is far higher than the EPA recommended soil TNT guide limit,RDX exceeds the guide limit for the soil environment.The destruction activities also resulted in an increase in the concentration of Pb,Cu and Zn heavy metals in the soil to 400,318 and 1030 mg/kg,respectively.Affected by factors such as heavy metals and organic matter in the soil,the pyrolysis behavior of explosive pollutants that have been aged for a long time in the soil is significantly different from that of free explosive molecules,and the pyrolysis temperature increases and the process prolongs.In the remediation of explosive contaminated soil in the destruction zone,the study of the interaction between explosive pollutants and heavy metals should be strengthened,and a collaborative remediation strategy should be adopted in the practice of remediation.

关 键 词：弹药销毁 三硝基甲苯(TNT) 加压流体萃取 结合态残留 热重-红外分析(TGA-FTIR) 

分 类 号：O655[理学—分析化学]