不同比例蚯蚓粪替代化肥对土壤化学性状及小白菜产量和品质的影响  

Different proportion of vermicompost replacing chemical fertilizer affects soil chemical properties and yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：赵永鑫 赵吉霞 范茂攀[2] 王自林[2] 徐昆龙[2] 李永梅[2] ZHAO Yongxin;ZHAO Jixia;FAN Maopan;WANG Zilin;XU Kunlong;LI Yongmei(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2022年第6期62-68,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：云南省外专引智项目(YNS2019008);云南省重点研发专项课题(2018BB015-04)。

摘　　要：为探究不同比例蚯蚓粪替代化肥对山原红壤土壤化学性状及小白菜产量和品质的影响,在相同施氮量的条件下,设置4个不同比例蚯蚓粪处理:70%化肥和30%蚯蚓粪(T30)、50%化肥和50%蚯蚓粪(T50)、30%化肥和70%蚯蚓粪(T70)、100%蚯蚓粪(T100),以常规施肥(CK)为对照,测定小白菜收获后土壤肥力变化以及小白菜产量和品质指标。结果表明,相较CK,不同比例蚯蚓粪替代化肥改善了土壤化学性状,土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量显著增加;土壤pH除T50较CK无显著差异外,其他处理土壤pH均较CK显著降低;T50可在显著提高小白菜产量的同时增加可溶性糖和维生素C含量,降低硝酸盐含量。综上所述,50%蚯蚓粪替代化肥可在云南地区小白菜生产中推广应用。This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different proportion of vermicompost replacing chemical fertilizer on soil chemical character and yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in montane red soil.Under the same amount of nitrogen four different proportion of vermicompost were tested,70%chemical fertilizer and 30%vermicompost(T30),50%chemical fertilizer and 50%vermicompost(T50),30%chemical fertilizer and 70%vermicompost(T70),100%vermicompost(T100),Changes of soil fertility and yield and quality indexes of Chinese cabbage after harvest were determined.The results showed that different proportions of vermicompost replacing chemical fertilizer improved soil chemical properties,and the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in the soil were significantly increased.Soil pH was significantly lower than CK except T50.Compared with CK the yield of Chinese cabbage in T30,T50 and T70 treatments was increased by 90.06%,190.64%,129.90%,respectively.50%vermicompost treatment significantly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage,increased soluble sugar content and vitamin C content,and decreased nitrate content.Therefore,the T50 treatment(N 15 kg·hm^(-2) P_(2)O_(5) 30 kg·hm^(-2),K_(2)O 45 kg·hm^(-2),vermicompost organic fertilizer 1111.11 kg·hm^(-2))can be used to replace chemical fertilizer in Chinese cabbage production in Yunnan.

关 键 词：小白菜 土壤肥力 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]