自发热货物标准测试方法对偶氮类染料粉末适用性  

Applicability of standard test method for self-heating goods to azo-dye powder

作　　者：王高俊 吴昊 聂文磊 WANG Gao-jun;WU Hao;NIE Wen-lei(Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry Testing Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200062,China;National Supervision&Inspection Center for Safety and Quality Inspection of Chemicals and Products,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海化工院检测有限公司,上海200062 [2]国家化学品及制品安全质量检验检测中心,上海200062

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2022年第6期823-826,共4页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：在海上运输过程中,自发热物质是造成海运事故最多的原因之一。鉴别货物是否属于自发热物质的方法,是采用联合国《关于危险货物运输的建议书试验和标准手册》中的标准测试方法 N.4。标准测试方法 N.4是基于“热篮法”模型,同时参考碳类物质自发热规律发展而来的。标准方法 N.4对偶氮类染料的适用性缺少相关验证数据。通过对偶氮类染料粉末的自发热现象进行探究,发现“热篮法”模型可用于描述偶氮类染料的自发热过程;偶氮类染料的自发热反应活化能为129.6 J/mol;标准测试方法N.4不适用于偶氮类染料可能出现“假阳性”的误判。建议相关标准测试方法或管理法规,对自发热特性得到充分研究的化学品货物给予更为精细的管理,以减少资源的浪费和经济的损失。In the process of maritime transportation, self-heating substances are one of the most common causes of maritime accidents. The standard test method N.4, United Nations“Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods”manual of tests and criteria, is used to identify whether the goods belong to self-heating substances. The standard test method N.4 is developed based on the "heat basket" model and studies based on the self-heating characteristics of carbon substances.The applicability of standard test method N.4 to azo-dye powder lacks relevant verification data. By exploring the self heating characteristics of azo-dyes, it is found that the "heat basket" model is suitable to describe the self-heating process of azo-dyes. The activation energy of self-heating reaction of azo-dyes is 129.6 J/mol and the standard test method N.4 is not fully suitable to judge azo-dyes, which may lead to the misjudgment of "false positive". It is suggested that the relevant standard test methods or management regulations should give more detailed management to the chemical goods whose self-heating characteristics have been fully studied, so as to reduce the waste of resources and economic losses.

关 键 词：偶氮类染料 自发热物质 热篮法 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TQ613.1[化学工程—精细化工]