食用农产品销售违法处罚法律适用难点的剖析及建议——以一起市场摊贩黄鳝兽药残留超标行政处罚案为例  

Analysis of and Suggestions on the Difficulties of Legal Application of Penalty for the Illegal Sale of Edible Agricultural Products——Taking an Administrative Punishment Case of Excessive Veterinary Drug Residues of Monopterus Albus as an Example

作　　者：陶丽琴[1] 沈雅岚 张丽帆 TAO Li-qin;SHEN Ya-lan;ZHANG Li-fan(China Jiliang University)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学

出　　处：《标准科学》2022年第5期59-63,共5页Standard Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“国家质量基础多要素综合应用示范及体系架构演进研究”课题五“新形势下中国NQI治理体系新架构与服务模式演进研究”(项目编号:2019YFF0216805)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：市场摊贩食用农产品销售违法的行政处罚,体现为涉案金额微小但涉及食品安全和民生发展,违法节点难廓清、法律适用争议大,成为基层执法的典型疑难问题。本文采用实证方法,以一例农贸市场摊贩销售黄鳝兽药残留超标行政处罚争议案为典型样本进行分析研究,争议集中于3个不同法律依据罚款额差异巨大而如何妥当选择,复杂性源于涉案标的和主体在食品安全法上的特殊性,须追求依法行政和良好执法效果、社会效果并重的双重考量。本文认为,黄鳝作为食用农产品,其市场销售违法的行政处罚法律适用,宜遵循特别法优于一般法、新法优于旧法原则,舍《农产品质量安全法》择《食品安全法》,基于对食品小摊贩调整的立法授权指向而直接适用地方性法规的相关规定,使行政罚款数额的确定兼具合法性和合理性。执法实践提出了农产品安全立法调整的完善及与《民法典》体系化对接的紧迫命题。The administrative punishment of illegal sales of edible agricultural products by market vendors is often in small amount, but is related to food safety and people’s livelihood. It has become a typical and difficult problem of grassroots law enforcement, as it is difficult to identify illegal links and the application of law is controversial. In this paper,an empirical method is used to study a dispute case of administrative punishment for excessive veterinary drug residues in Monopterus albus sold by vendors in the farmer’s market. The dispute focuses on the huge difference in the amount of fines which are resulted in three different legal bases, and how to choose a proper one.The complexity stems from the particularity of the subject and subject involved in the Food Safety Law, and the dual consideration of administration according to law, good law enforcement effect and social effect must be ensured. Monopterus albus is an edible agricultural product, the application of administrative punishment law for illegal sales of Monopterus albus should follow the principle that the special law is superior to the general law and the new law is superior to the old law. In the case, the Food Safety Law should be used rather than the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law. And the relevant provisions of local regulations should be directly applied based on the adjustment of legislative authorization for small food vendors, so that the amount of administrative fines should be both legal and reasonable. The practice of law enforcement puts forward the urgent demands of improving the agricultural product safety legislation and connecting it with the Civil Code systematically.

关 键 词：食用农产品 食品安全 小摊贩 行政处罚 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D920.5[政治法律—法学] D922.4