不同类型表层岩溶泉水源划分及对降雨的响应  

The Water Source Division of Different Types of Epikarst Springs and Their Response to Rainfall

作　　者：黄荣 王发[1,2,3] 陈洪松 付智勇[1,2] HUANG Rong;WANG Fa;CHEN Hongsong;FU Zhiyong(Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,nstinute of Subtropical Agricuture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hechi 547100,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西河池547100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水文》2022年第3期20-26,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41930866,41971048);广西自然科学基金创新研究团队项目(2018GXNSFGA281003)。

摘　　要：表层岩溶泉的水文水化学特征是认识岩溶含水介质结构的重要手段。基于泉域水文地质调查,2018年对广西环江木连小流域内降水和泉水流量及电导率进行监测,利用端元模型与电导率频率分布分析方法,解析表层岩溶泉径流来源及对降雨的响应特征。结果表明:(1)年尺度上,受驱替作用排泄的水流分别占季节泉、常流泉总径流的32.3%和23%;(2)次降雨过程季节泉和常流泉径流均以驱替含水层中未联通的“旧水”为主,强降雨条件下存在的雨水稀释现象仅约占3.6%;(3)季节泉在次降雨过程中受多重水流补给且对降雨响应敏感,其中管道流和壤中流分别占23%、34.2%,以基质或岩溶裂隙释放的重力水流仅占10.5%,导致持续供水能力较差;(4)常流泉补给来源单一,次降雨过程中主要受到以基质或岩溶裂隙排泄的重力水补给(77%),具有较高的有效涵养地下水资源功能及供水可持续性能力。The hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of epikarst spring are an important means to understand the structure of karst water-bearing system. Based on the hydrogeological survey of the spring area, this paper monitored precipitation, spring water flow and conductivity in Mulian small watershed of Huanjiang, in Guangxi in 2018, using end member models and conductivity frequency distribution analysis method to analyze the source of epikarst spring water runoff and their response characteristics to rainfall. The results show that:(1) On the annual scale, the water discharged by displacement accounted for32.3% and 23% of the total runoff of the seasonal spring and the flowing spring respectively;(2) The runoff of the seasonal spring and the flowing spring during a single rainfall process is mainly to displace the unconnected "old water" in the aquifer, and the rainwater dilution phenomenon only accounts for about 3.6% in the process of heavy rainfall;(3) The seasonal spring is recharged by multiple water flows during a single rainfall and is sensitive to rainfall response. The pipeline flow and the soil flow accounted for 23.03%, 34.22%, respectively. The gravity flow released by the matrix or karst fissures only accounted for 10.5%, resulting in poor continuous water supply;(4) The flowing spring has a single source of replenishment, which is mainly recharged by gravity water(77%) discharged from the matrix or karst fissures in the process of secondary rainfall. It has a high effective groundwater conservation function and water supply sustainability.

关 键 词：表层岩溶泉 电导率 流量 降雨响应 补给来源 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学]