2020年淮河流域梅汛期极端暴雨洪涝雨水情分析  

The Analysis of Precipitation and Flooding Feather in the Huaihe River Basin during Flood Season of 2020

作　　者：王蒙 张恒德 包红军[1,2] 曹爽 WANG Meng;ZHANG Hengde;BAO Hongjun;CAO Shuang(National Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Admninistration,Bejing 100081,China;CMA-HHU Joint Laboratory for Hydrometeorological Studies,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象局-河海大学水文气象研究联合实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《水文》2022年第3期95-101,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1508102);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41775111、41875131);国家气象中心2020年青年基金项目(Q202006)。

摘　　要：2020年主汛期淮河流域发生严重暴雨洪涝,其中淮河水系发生流域性较大洪水,正阳关站以上发生区域性大洪水,王家坝闸时隔13年再次开闸泄洪。使用淮河流域174个国家基本站08时单日降水资料,对2020年流域梅汛期(6月11日-8月1日)极端暴雨洪涝情况进行分析。结果表明:导致2020年淮河流域超长梅雨期的主要原因是副热带高压较往年同期位置偏西偏北,强度偏强,系统深厚,环流稳定,降雨过程多、强度大、极端性强,雨带与淮河干流走向基本一致;淮河流域梅汛期经历6次暴雨过程,总降雨量位列历史第一;流域上游来水与区域强降雨叠加,导致了流域正阳关以上区域性大洪水;2020年淮河中游王家坝站等控制站的水情较上一个大洪水年2007年更为严重。In 2020, severe rainstorms and floods occured in the Huaihe River Basin(referred as HRB hereinafter) during the main flood season. Among them, severe basin flood took place in Huaihe River system. Regional big flood occured above Zhengyangguan Station. Wangjiaba Dam sluices were opened again after 13 years since last time opened. Daily observed precipitation data of 174 national stations were applied to analyzed precipitation and flooding feathers during Meiyu period(June 11^(th),2020-August 1^(st) 2020) of the HRB. Comparisons of severe rainstorm and flood feather were made between year 2020 and 2007. Results show that the main reason of long Meiyu period in Huaihe River Basin in 2020 was that the position of subtropical high was stronger,westerly and northerly relatively with deep system and stable atmospheric circulation. The precipitation intensity of 2020 was stronger and more extreme, meanwile the direction of the rain band was basically the same as the main stream of Huaihe River.The Meiyu period precipitation over HRB was produced by 6 weather processed. Total precipitation rank first. Combined action of water form Upper reach of HRB and regional precipitation results in the regional big flood above Zhengyangguan Station. The situation of Wangjiaba Dam was more severe than 2007.

关 键 词：淮河流域 暴雨洪涝 雨情 水情 极端性 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] TV11201[水利工程—水文学及水资源]