联合天气分析预报中心与新中国初期气象预报工作的筹建  

The Union Center for Weather Analysis and Prediction and the Preparationfor Weather Forecast in the Initial Years of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：申丹娜[1] 张志会[2] 李立晨 SHEN Danna;ZHANG Zhihui;LI Lichen(CMA Institute for Development and Programme Design,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of History of Natural Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Department of History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象发展与规划院,北京100081 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [3]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2022年第1期55-66,共12页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：联合天气分析预报中心是中央气象台最早的预报机构,于1950年由中国科学院与军委气象局联合成立,1955年撤销。在短短五年里,“联心”担负起了服务军事、保障国家重大活动、向公众提供常规预报和灾害预报等工作,并从最初开展的短期预报业务,逐步发展到开展中长期天气预报和相关科研业务。在撤销前,“联心”的预报能力已达到国际先进水平,并为我国培养出了大批从事预报业务的技术人员。本文对“联心”的筹备和成立过程进行了疏理,对该机构存续五年期间的组织结构、主要任务以及管理方式等进行分析,展示新中国成立初期筹建气象预报工作的全景,希望通过对这一特殊机构的分析,对我国当前大科学攻关或联合攻关项目的组织机制有所启示。The Union Center for Weather Analysis and Prediction(UC)is the earliest forecasting institution of China’s Central Meteorological Station.It was jointly established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Meteorological Bureau of the Military Commission in 1950 and was abolished in 1955.Over the period of just five years,UC was responsible for offering service to the military,safeguarding major national events and providing routine forecast and disaster forecast to the public.Its field gradually developed from short-term forecast to medium-term and long-term weather forecast and related scientific research.Before it was abolished,the forecasting ability of UC had reached the international advanced level and cultivated a large number of technical personnel engaged in the forecasting business for China.In this paper we discuss the preparation for the establishment of UC,and analyze its management mode and organization structure as well as its main tasks during the five years,so as to show a panoramic view of the preliminary preparation of the weather forecast in the initial years of PRC.We hope that through the analysis of UC,some insights can be obtained for the organizational mechanism of the current big science research projects or joint research projects.

关 键 词：联合天气分析预报中心 预报 组织 人才培养 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]