塔里木河流域地下水管理现状及对策  

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Groundwater Management in Tarim River Basin

作　　者：穆文彬[1] 刘文斌 夏依买尔旦·沙特[2] 孙嘉[3] MU Wenbin;LIU Wenbin;Xiayimardan SATTER;SUN Jia(College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China;Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Authority, Korla 841000, China;Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.China, Beijing 100038, China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水资源学院,河南郑州450046 [2]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [3]水利部发展研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第4期54-59,共6页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679089);河南省2021年水利科技攻关项目基于水足迹的气候变化及土地利用对流域水资源压力的影响研究与应用。

摘　　要：塔里木河流域是中国典型的干旱区内陆河流域。地下水作为塔里木河流域重要的水源,因长期不合理的开发利用,引发了一系列的生态环境问题。为有效遏制地下水超采、缓解流域天然植被退化局面、改善流域生态环境,21世纪初,国家对塔里木河流域实施了一系列综合治理措施。在系统总结塔里木河流域地下水管理方面已开展工作和取得成效的基础上,深入剖析了流域地下水资源现状、面临的问题及其形成原因,并从法制、体制和机制等方面提出了适时推进塔里木河流域“九源一干”统一管理、进一步完善塔里木河流域地下水管理法规体系、全面推行并逐级分解地下水年度总量控制和地下水水位控制制度、深化地下水管理体制机制改革等对策。该研究成果可为塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用相关政策的制定提供参考。The Tarim River Basin is a typical arid inland river basin in China.As an important water source,groundwater has been faced with serious overexploitation and caused a series of ecological and environmental problems due to long-term unreasonable development and utilization.In order to effectively curb groundwater overexploitation,alleviate the degradation of natural vegetation and improve the ecological environment of the basin,a series of comprehensive management measures are implemented in the Tarim River Basin in the early 21st century.Based on the systematic summary of the achievements in groundwater management,this paper analyzes the present situation,problems and causes of groundwater resources in the Tarim River Basin.The countermeasures are put forward to strengthen groundwater management in the future from the aspects of legal,system and mechanism,suchas promoting the unified management of the Tarim River Basin at the right moment,further improving the legal system of groundwater management,comprehensively implementing and gradually decomposing the annual total groundwater control and groundwater level control system,and deepening the reform of groundwater management system and mechanism.The research can provide reference for policy formulation of sustainable utilization of water resources in the Tarim River Basin.

关 键 词：地下水 管理 问题 成因 对策 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学]