氮肥类型对不同稻作模式水稻生长和产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer types on rice growth and yield in different rice farming models

作　　者：姜硕琛 张海维 孔盼 杜斌[1] 吴启侠[1] 朱建强[1] JIANG Shuo-chen;ZHANG Hai-wei;KONG Pan;DU Bin;WU Qi-xia;ZHU Jian-qiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Engineering Research Center for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou Hubei 434025)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第5期1-9,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新行动专项(2018SKJCX01);2020年高等事业发展专项-高效创新改革专项(208/5020802803)。

摘　　要：探究复合肥、缓/控施肥、有机无机互混肥和不施氮肥对传统中稻模式和稻虾共生模式下水稻生长动态及产量的影响,为不同稻作模式下优化氮肥管理和提高水稻产量提供理论依据。采用裂区设计,2种稻作模式为主区,4种氮肥施用类型为裂区,于水稻主要生育期内调查水稻叶面积指数(LAI)和光合势(LAD)、干物质积累量(DW)和生长速率、光合特征,成熟后测定产量及产量构成因子,计算收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。结果表明:稻虾共生模式下水稻生育期延长,抽穗期LAI、抽穗期和成熟期DW、生长速率、抽穗期SPAD值和净光合速率、产量显著降低,抽穗期至成熟期LAD显著增加。常规中稻模式下未施氮处理的生殖生长期和全生育期短于3个施氮处理,稻虾共生模式下未施氮处理的营养生长期和全生育期长于3个施氮处理。有机无机互混肥的各时期LAI、LAD、抽穗期光合能力和千粒重最高,复合肥的分蘖期光合能力和抽穗期至成熟期生长速率最高,缓/控释肥的各时期DW、分蘖期至抽穗期生长速率、有效穗数、产量和氮肥偏生产力最高。缓/控释肥是两种稻作模式下水稻产量和氮肥偏生产力最高的最佳氮肥类型。The effects of compound fertilizer,slow/controlled release fertilizer,organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer and no nitrogen fertilizer on the growth dynamics and yield of rice under the conventional mid-season rice and the rice-shrimp symbiosis were explored to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing nitrogen management and improve yield under different rice farming models.The split zone design was adopted,with 2 rice cultivation patterns as the main zone and 4 nitrogen fertilizer types as the split zone.The rice leaf area index(LAI),photosynthetic potential(LAD),dry matter accumulation(DW),growth rate,photosynthetic characteristics were investigated during the main growth period of rice,and the yield and yield component factors were determined at maturity,and the harvest index and nitrogen partial productivity were calculated.The results showed that the total growth period was prolonged under the rice-shrimp symbiosis.LAI at heading stage,DW at heading and maturity stages,growth rate,SPAD at heading,net photosynthetic rate and yield were significantly reduced,LAD from heading to maturity stage increased significantly.The reproductive growth period and total growth period of no nitrogen treatment under the conventional mid-season rice were shorter than those of other treatments,and the vegetative growth period and total growth period of no nitrogen treatment under the rice-shrimp symbiosis were longer than those of other treatments.The organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer had the highest LAI,LAD,photosynthetic capacity at heading stage and 1000-grain weight.The photosynthetic capacity at the tillering stage and growth rate from the heading stage to the maturity stage of the treatment of compound fertilizer were the highest.Slow/controlled release fertilizer had the DW,growth rate from tillering stage to heading stage,effective panicles number,yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were the highest for the treatment of slow/controlled release fertilizer.Slow/controlled release fertilizer was the best

关 键 词：氮肥类型 稻虾共生模式 传统中稻模式 水稻生长 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]