华北冬绿肥作物养分累积特征及对翻压前土壤养分的影响  

Study on green manure crops nutrient accumulation and effect on soil nutrients before returning in north China

作　　者：赵秋 张新建 宁晓光 ZHAO Qiu;ZHANG Xin-jian;NING Xiao-guang(Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300192)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院,天津300192

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第5期61-67,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-22);国家农作物种质资源平台项目(NCGRC-2022-19);天津市农业成果转化与推广项目(201904040)。

摘　　要：采用大田试验方式研究华北地区冬绿肥生态适应性。试验设置冬闲、二月兰、毛叶苕子、黑麦、黑麦草、毛叶苕子二月兰混播、毛叶苕子黑麦混播7个处理,分析其养分累积及其对翻压前土壤养分的影响。结果表明,供试冬绿肥翻压前生物产量为4991~7262 kg/hm^(2),氮、磷、钾累积吸收量分别为121.5~191.4、26.8~41.9、140.7~261.5 kg/hm^(2),显著高于冬闲处理。其中,毛叶苕子氮吸收量最高,黑麦磷、钾吸收量最高;冬绿肥翻压前土壤硝态氮、有效磷含量显著降低,土壤速效钾含量显著增加。研究结果为冬绿肥种植减少土壤氮、磷养分淋失和钾素固持提供了理论支持。Field experiments were used to study the the ecological adapt ability of winter green manure in North China.Seven treatments including winter fallow,Orychophragmus violaceus,hairy vetch,rye,ryegrass,hairy vetch+Orychophragmus violaceus,hairy vetch+rye were set up to analyze the nutrient accumulation and its effect on soil nutrients before returning.The results showed that the biomass of green mature before returning was 4991~7262 kg/hm^(2),and the cumulative absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 121.5~191.4,26.8~41.9,and 140.7~261.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which was significantly higher than that of the winter fallow treatment.The absorption of nitrogen in hairy vetch was the highest,and that of phosphorus and potassium in rye was the highest.The content of soil nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased significantly,while the content of soil available potassium increased significantly before the winter green manure returning.The results provide theoretical support for the reduction of soil nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and potassium fixation by planting winter green manure.

关 键 词：冬绿肥 养分累积 土壤养分 氮素淋失 钾素固持 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]