荔枝园间作平托花生对土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌群落结构及多样性的影响  

Effects of intercropping Pinto peanut in litchi orchard on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,bacterial community structure and diversity

作　　者：颜彩缤 胡福初[1,2] 赵亚 王祥和[1,2] 陈哲 张世青[1,2] 吴凤芝 范鸿雁[1,2] YAN Cai-bin;HU Fu-chu;ZHAO Ya;WANG Xiang-he;CHEN Zhe;ZHANG Shi-qing;WU Feng-zhi;FAN Hong-yan(Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sanya Research Institute,Sanya Hainan 572000;Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Tropical Fruit Tree Scientific Observation and Experimental Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Trees Biology,Hainan Tropical Fruit Tree Breeding Engineering Research Center,Haikou Hainan 571100)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572000 [2]海南省农业科学院热带果树研究所,农业农村部海口热带果树科学观测实验站,海南省热带果树生物学重点实验室,海南省热带果树育种工程技术研究中心,海南海口571100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第5期203-210,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2018236);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202100)。

摘　　要：研究荔枝间作平托花生对荔枝园土壤理化性质、酶活性及细菌多样性的影响,为荔枝健康栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。分别选取荔枝/平托花生间作和荔枝单作模式下10~20 cm土层的土壤样本,测定酸性有效磷、全磷和速效钾等理化因子的含量以及蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和脲酶等酶活性,并在此基础上,利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对荔枝/平托花生间作模式和荔枝单作模式下土壤的细菌群落进行16S rRNA V4~V5区检测。结果表明:与荔枝单作模式相比,在理化因子方面,荔枝间作平托花生模式下的速效钾含量极显著提高138.9%,碱解氮含量显著降低19.6%,pH稍降低但无显著差异性;在土壤酶活性方面,蔗糖酶、酸性蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶均极显著或显著提高;在土壤细菌群落多样性方面,Chao1、ACE和Simpson指数分别显著提高5.5%、5.2%和3.7%。在土壤细菌群落结构方面,两组样本的主要优势菌门为酸杆菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门;主要优势菌属为Gp1、Gp2、Gp3、Gp4、Gp6、芽孢杆菌属和Gaiella等菌属;间作后变形菌门、放线菌门、红游动菌属、Gaiella和黄杆菌属相对丰度明显提高,酸杆菌门、芽孢杆菌属和Gp2相对丰度显著降低。冗余分析结果表明,碱解氮、pH、全磷和有效磷是影响土壤细菌菌属结构的主要理化因子;单作模式的土壤细菌群落结构差异主要是由pH的变化引起的,而间作模式细菌群落结构主要受碱解氮的影响;此外,在酸杆菌门亚群中,Gp1、Gp2、Gp3及Gp7与pH呈正相关;Gp4、Gp5、Gp6与pH呈负相关;芽孢杆菌属与碱解氮呈正相关;Gaiella、红游动菌属和黄杆菌属等绝大多数菌属均与理化因子呈负相关。因此,荔枝园间作平托花生不仅能改善土壤理化性质以及酶活性,还能提高土壤细菌丰富度和多样性,促进荔枝根系对营养元素的有效吸收,为农民有效利用荔枝园行间空地The effects of intercropping Pinto peanut with litchi on soil physical and chemical properties,enzyme activities and bacterial diversity of litchi orchard were explored to provide theoretical basis and technical support for healthy cultivation of litchi.The soil samples from 10~20 cm depth of litchi intercropping Pinto peanut and litchi monoculturing mode were selected to determine the contents of physical and chemical factors such as acidic available phosphorus,total phosphorus and available potassium,enzyme activities such as sucrase,protease and urease.16S rRNA V4~V5 region of soil bacterial communities in litchi/Pinto peanut intercropping mode and litchi monoculturing mode were detected by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.The results showed that in terms of physical and chemical factors,the available potassium content of litchi/Pinto peanut intercropping mode was significantly increased by 138.9%,the available nitrogen content was significantly decreased by 19.6%,and the pH was slightly decreased without significant difference,compared with those of litchi monoculturing mode;In the light of soil enzyme activity,sucrase,acid protease,urease,catalase and polyphenol oxidase were extremely significantly or significantly improved;As regards the soil bacterial community diversity,the Chao1 index,ACE index and Simpson index significantly increased by 5.5%,5.2%and 3.7%;In the aspect of soil bacterial community structure,the main dominant phyla of the two groups were Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria;The main dominant bacteria genera were Gp1,Gp2,Gp3,Gp4,Gp6,Bacillus and Gaiella.Intercropping significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Rhodoplanes,Gaiella and Flavobacterium,but significantly decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Gemmatimonas and Gp2.From the results of redundancy analysis,the available nitrogen,pH,total phosphorus and available phosphorus were the main physicochemical factors affecting the structure of soil bacteria.The differ

关 键 词：荔枝间作平托花生 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 土壤细菌群落结构 土壤细菌多样性 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S667.1S15