包膜控释肥在夏玉米生产中的应用进展  

Application status of controlled-release fertilizers in summer maize production

作　　者：李丽霞[1,2] 赵现锋 衣文平 肖强[1,2] 王磊 贾静丽[3] 邹国元 LI Li-xia;ZHAO Xian-feng;YI Wen-ping;XIAO Qiang;WANG Lei;JIA Jing-li;ZOU Guo-yuan(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Research Center of Beijing Municipal Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers Engineering Technology,Beijing 100097;Baixiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Xingtai Hebei 055450)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097 [2]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]河北省柏乡县农业农村局,河北邢台055450

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第5期217-224,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200608);北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210436);北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所自主立项(YZS201903)。

摘　　要：黄淮海是我国夏玉米主产区,传统的以基肥为主、追肥为辅的施肥方式已无法满足夏玉米栽培“高产、增效、轻简、环保”的新要求。包膜控释肥一次性施肥技术具有养分高效利用、产量增加、N 2O排放降低、硝酸盐淋溶减少等优势。为推动其在夏玉米生产中的规模化应用,实现肥料减量提效,在概述包膜控释肥种类及特点的基础上,对其在夏玉米生产中的应用现状进行对比分析,并对影响其应用效果的因素进行系统总结。与普通复合肥、控失复合肥、有机无机复合肥和聚谷氨酸肥/腐植酸肥等相比,包膜控释肥在夏玉米生产中具有更优的综合应用效果;控释肥的养分释放特征、比例、施用量、水分、施肥和耕作方式等因素会直接影响其应用效果。最后阐述了包膜控释肥在现实生产中存在的问题,并对未来发展进行了展望。Huang Huai Hai Plain is the main production area of summer maize in China.The traditional fertilization method with basal fertilizer and top-dressing cannot meet the new requirement of high yield,high efficiency,simplified cultivation and environmental protection for summer maize production.The one-time fertilization technology of coated controlled-release fertilizers has the advantages of improving nutrient use utilization,increasing yield,reducing N2O emission and nitrate leaching.In order to promote its large-scale application in summer maize production and realize the amount reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer,the application status of coated controlled-release fertilizers was compared and analyzed,and the related factors influencing the application effect were summarized systematically.Compared with other fertilizers,such as common compound fertilizer,loss-control fertilizer,organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,alginate/humic fertilizer,coated controlled-release fertilizer had better combined effects in summer maize production.The factors including nutrient release characteristics of fertilizers,controlled nitrogen ratio,application amount,water content,fertilization method and cropping pattern directly affected the application effect.Finally,the existing problems of coated controlled-release fertilizers in practical production were explained,and the development trend was prospected.

关 键 词：包膜控释肥 玉米 产量 应用效果 影响因素 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]