云南地区栽培的3种羊肚菌的培养基筛选及生物学特性分析  

Medium Screening and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Three Kinds of Morchella spp.Cultivated in Yunnan Province

作　　者：罗祥英 李健 许天休 李文芝 曹瑶 杨林雷 陆青青 沈真辉 杨晓君 李荣春 LUO Xiang-ying;LI Jian;XU Tian-xiu;LI Wen-zhi;CAO Yao;YANG Lin-lei;LU Qing-qing;SHEN Zhen-hui;YANG Xiao-jun;LI Rong-chun(Yunnan Junshijie Biotechnology Co.,LTD,Kunming 651708,China;Kunming(Edible Fungi)Enterprise Technology Center,Kunming 651708,China)

机构地区：[1]云南菌视界生物科技有限公司,云南昆明651708 [2]昆明市(食用菌)企业工程技术中心,云南昆明651708

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2022年第6期30-40,共11页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-云南联合项目(U1802231)。

摘　　要：以初筛获得的六妹羊肚菌JSJ-M1、七妹羊肚菌JSJ-M6、梯棱羊肚菌JSJ-M15菌株为材料,通过对比试验研究不同培养基条件对其菌丝生长及菌核形成的影响。试验结果表明,3个羊肚菌菌株通用的较优碳源为可溶性淀粉、糊精、几丁质、蔗糖和麦芽糖,较优氮源为玉米粉、豆饼粉、硝酸钾、硝酸钠;3个菌株对不同碳源、氮源的利用存在差异。对初筛的最优菌株六妹羊肚菌JSJ-M1进行育种试验,发现其菌丝生长最适温度为18℃~24℃,最适pH为5.5~7.0。在添加2种无机盐的培养基优化试验中发现,仅添加KH_(2)PO_(4)时可促进菌核形成但对菌丝生长无显著促进作用;仅添加MgSO_(4)时可显著促进菌丝生长但对菌核形成无促进作用;同时添加质量浓度分别均为0.5 g·L^(-1)的KH_(2)PO_(4)和MgSO_(4)时,羊肚菌的综合平均长势最好,菌丝生长速度为18.93 mm·d^(-1),菌核干质量为0.15 g/皿。The effect of different medium conditions on mycelial growth and sclerotia formation of the strains of Morchella sextelata JSJ-M1,M.eximia JSJ-M6 and M.importuna JSJ-M15 obtained from preliminary screening were studied by comparison experiments.The results showed that the optimum carbon sources were soluble starch,dextrin,chitin,saccharose and maltobiose,the best nitrogen sources were corn flour,soybean meal,potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate for the three strains.The utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources of the three strains were different.The excellent strain M.sextelata JSJ-M1 obtained by preliminary screening was studied,and it was found that the optimum temperature range for mycelial growth was 18℃-24℃,and the optimum pH range was 5.5-7.0.In the optimization experiment of the medium adding two inorganic salts,it was found that adding only KH_(2)PO_(4) to the medium can promote the formation of sclerotia but has no significant effect on the growth of mycelia;adding only MgSO_(4) can significantly promote the growth of mycelium but has no effect on the formation of sclerotia.When KH_(2)PO_(4) with mass concentration of 0.5 g·L^(-1)and MgSO_(4) with mass concentration of 0.5 g·L^(-1)were added at the same time,the comprehensive average growth rate of the three kinds of Morchella strains was the best,the growth rate of mycelia was 18.93 mm·d^(-1),and the dry weight of sclerotia was 0.15 g per dish.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 碳源 氮源 菌丝生长速度 菌核 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]