酶联免疫检测与核酸检测对输血相关传染性疾病的检测价值比较  

Comparison of the detection value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection for transfusion related infectious diseases

作　　者：潘登 刘娟 PAN Deng;LIU Juan(Blood Donation Service Department,Ankang Central Blood Station,Ankang 725000;Laboratory Department,Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ankang 725000,China)

机构地区：[1]安康市中心血站献血服务科,陕西安康725000 [2]安康市中医医院检验科,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2022年第19期122-125,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

摘　　要：目的比较酶联免疫检测与核酸检测对输血相关传染性疾病的检测价值。方法选取2016年1月至2020年12月我站20000例无偿献血者作为研究对象。采集无偿献血者的血液标本,对血液标本进行酶联免疫检测、核酸检测,比较酶联免疫检测、核酸检测对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的阳性检出率。以最终筛查(蛋白印迹试验)结果为参照,比较酶联免疫检测、核酸检测对HIV、HBV、HCV阳性的筛查结果,并分析酶联免疫检测、核酸检测结果与最终筛查结果的一致性。结果核酸检测对HIV、HBV、HCV的阳性检出率均高于酶联免疫检测,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。参照最终筛查结果,核酸检测对HIV阳性的灵敏度、阳性预测值均高于酶联免疫检测(P<0.05);核酸检测对HBV阳性的灵敏度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于酶联免疫检测(P<0.05);核酸检测对HCV阳性的灵敏度、阳性预测值均高于酶联免疫检测(P<0.05)。在HIV、HBV、HCV阳性筛查中,核酸检测结果与最终筛查结果之间呈高度一致,而酶联免疫检测结果与最终筛查结果之间呈中度一致。结论核酸检测对HIV、HBV、HCV等输血相关传染性疾病的筛查准确性优于酶联免疫检测,可提高血液筛查的准确性,降低输血相关传染性疾病的血液传播风险,保障临床输血安全。Objective To compare the detection value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection for transfusion related infectious diseases.Methods From January 2016 to December 2020,20000 unpaid blood donors were selected as the research objects.The blood samples of unpaid blood donors were collected and carried out enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection.The positive detection rates of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection were compared.Taking the results of final screening(Western blotting)as a reference,the screening results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid detection for HIV,HBV and HCV positive were compared,and the consistency of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,nucleic acid detection with the final screening results was analyzed.Results The positive detection rates of HIV,HBV and HCV in nucleic acid detection were higher than those in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Referring to the final screening results,the sensitivity and positive predictive value of nucleic acid detection for HIV positive were higher than those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(P<0.05);the sensitivity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of nucleic acid detection for HBV positive were higher than those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(P<0.05);the sensitivity and positive predictive value of nucleic acid detection for HCV positive were higher than those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(P<0.05).In HIV,HBV,and HCV positive screening,the nucleic acid detection results were highly consistent with the final screening results,while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results were moderately consistent with the final screening results.Conclusion Nucleic acid detection has better screening accuracy for HIV,HBV,HCV and other blood transfusion related infectious diseases than enzyme-l

关 键 词：临床输血 血液筛查 无偿献血 酶联免疫检测 核酸检测 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]