火灾能见度对地铁人员疏散速度影响的仿真研究  

Simulation study on the effect of subway fire smoke visibility on the evacuation speed of occupants

作　　者：陈娜[1] 沈祥辉 赵军[1] CHEN Na;SHEN Xiang-hui;ZHAO Jun(School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Henan Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学力学与安全工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2022年第5期639-644,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中国职业安全健康协会创新创业项目(CXCY-2021-01);郑州大学2021年度基础研究培育基金(JC21532027);河南省自然科学基金(182300410142);河南省重点研发与推广专项-科技攻关(182102310735);教育部创新团队支持计划(IRT_16R67);中原千人计划-中原科技创新领军人才(ZYQR201912029)。

摘　　要：基于火灾动力学理论与大型换乘地铁站火灾特点,利用FDS软件(郑州大学超算中心6.7.5版本)对郑州紫荆山地铁站进行火灾数值模拟,通过布置在地铁站台层、站厅层、转换层各个区域以及所有楼扶梯处的火灾探测点,分析火源位于地下四层的二号线站台层时能见度随时间的变化情况。根据能见度与速度的折减公式,计算不同时间节点的速度折减系数。然后在Pathfinder(2020版本)车站疏散模型各区域中导入人群疏散速度折减系数,并与速度未折减时的情况进行对比分析,得到更加精确的疏散人员动态速度。结果发现在靠近火源位置且跨度为两层的楼扶梯上更容易发生人员滞留。Based on the fire dynamics theory and the fire characteristics of large transfer subway station, the FDS software(Zhengzhou university supercomputing center version 6.7.5)was used to carry out the fire numerical simulation on Zhengzhou Zijing Mountain subway station. Through the fire detection points arranged in each area of the platform floor, concourse floor, transfer floor, and stairs and escalators in Zijing Mountain subway station, the changes of visibility with time were analyzed when the fire was located in the platform floor of Line 2 on the fourth underground floor. According to the smoke visibility and speed reduction formula, the speed reduction coefficients at different time were calculated. Then, the evacuation speed reduction coefficients were imported into each area of the subway station evacuation model in Pathfinder(version 2020),and a comparative analysis was carried out with the case that without the speed reduction. In this way, a more accurate dynamic evacuation speed was obtained, and results showed that the two-storey escalator near the fire location was more likely to cause occupants’ retention.

关 键 词：地铁火灾 FDS 能见度 疏散速度 折减系数 Path-finder 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] X951