后司岙匣钵工艺特征及其对青瓷釉面呈色的影响  

The Technological Characteristics of Housi’ao Sagger and Its Influence on Influence on the Color of Celadon Glaze

作　　者：吴军明 桑月侠 郑乃章 郑建明 吴琳 山日钦 WU Jun-ming;SANG Yue-xia;ZHENG Nai-zhang;ZHENG Jian-ming;WU Lin;SHAN Ri-qin(Art and Archabology School,Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷大学艺术文博学院,江西景德镇333001 [2]复旦大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200433

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2022年第7期2082-2091,共10页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51862018);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ160879)资助。

摘　　要：越窑青瓷是我国最早烧制成熟的青瓷器,其中使用瓷质匣钵烧造秘色青瓷是越窑独特的烧造技术,为揭示越窑上林湖后司岙窑址出土的唐五代时期匣钵的工艺特征及其对装烧青瓷的影响,采用能量色散X荧光光谱仪(ED-XRF)、超景深显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等现代测试分析手段,对后司岙窑址出土的唐五代时期瓷质匣钵、普通匣钵、普通青瓷、秘色青瓷进行了元素组成、显微结构、吸水率等测试分析。同时采用分光光度计,对该遗址出土的唐五代普通青瓷和秘色青瓷表面色度进行了测试分析。分析结果表明:唐五代普通匣钵的基体部分和瓷质匣钵组成相似,采用了SiO_(2)含量约为75%、Al_(2)O_(3)含量约为16%,且与青瓷胎体类似的当地冲积粘土类原料;而唐五代瓷质匣钵中TiO_(2)和Fe_(2)O_(3)的含量高于青瓷胎体且差异略大,说明青瓷胎体淘洗工艺更加严格。其中普通匣钵内存在大量平均尺寸在530μm左右,且具有颗粒级配呈现一定规律的夹杂粗颗粒,是一类为增加普通匣钵使用寿命特意拣选添加的高硅质原料,增加了匣钵的透气性、机械强度和热稳定性从而延长匣钵的使用寿命;唐五代瓷质匣钵的气孔率为1.61%、吸水率为0.73%,低于普通匣钵8.18%和4.28%,而体积密度为2.22 g·cm^(-3)高于普通匣钵的1.99 g·cm^(-3),且导热性能高于普通匣钵,有利于减少匣钵内外温差、缓解温度滞后现象。另外,上林湖后司岙窑址出土的秘色青瓷使用气孔率较低的瓷质匣钵,并进行口沿封釉,有效降低了装烧青瓷釉在冷却过程中被二次氧化的程度,提高了匣钵内气氛的稳定性和青瓷釉层中Fe^(2+)的含量,改善了其呈色稳定性和外观效果。同时秘色青瓷釉层略厚,减少了胎体对产品外观的影响,增大了釉面折射率和明亮度,使其在CIE色度空间中相比普通青瓷处在更偏蓝绿色区域。Yue kiln celadon is the earliest celadon manufactured with a precise fire system in China,and the use of porcelain saggers to firing Mi’se celadon is the unique firing technique of the Yue kiln.In order to reveal the processing feature of porcelain sagger and its influence on celadon of Tang and Five Dynasties,saggers,which were unearthed at the Housi’ao kiln site in the Shanglin Lake of the Yue Kiln,were characterized via a variety of testing methods.In this paper,energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(ED-XRF),super depth of field microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and other mondern test methods,were applied on the porcelain sagger,common sagger,common celadon and Mi’se celadon which unearthed from Housi’ao kiln site of Shanglin Lake,to realize the understand of element composition,microstructure,water absorption,etc.Meanwhile,a spectrophotometer has also conducted the tests of surface chroma on the common celadon and Mi’se celadon of Tang and Five Dynasties.The results of the analysis showed that the base of the common sagger was similar in composition to that of the porcelain sagger in the Tang and Five Dynasties,using local alluvial clay-like raw materials with a SiO_(2) content of approximately 75% and an Al_(2)O_(3) content of approximately 16%,similar to that of the celadon body.In contrast,the TiO_(2) and Fe_(2)O_(3) contents of the porcelain sagger in Tang and Five Dynasties were higher than those of the celadon body and fluctuated slightly,indicating a more rigorous process of washing the celadon body.The presence of a large number of inclusions of coarse particles with an average size of around 530μm and a regular particle gradation in the common sagger was a type of high-silica material that was deliberately selected and added to increase the service life of the common sagger,increasing the permeability,mechanical strength and thermal stability of the sagger and thus extending the service life of the sagger;the porosity of the porcelain sagger in Tang and Five Dynasties

关 键 词：越窑 瓷质匣钵 秘色青瓷 化学组成 色度 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]