基于ERA-5的西非海域波浪时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ocean waves in West Africa based on ERA-5

作　　者：过瑞康 邓夕贵 范骏 李运钦[3] 陶爱峰 GUO Rui-kang;DENG Xi-gui;FAN Jun;LI Yun-qin;TAO Ai-feng(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal Disaster and Protection,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098,China;College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210098,China;China Harbour Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098 [3]中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京100027

出　　处：《中国港湾建设》2022年第6期1-6,共6页China Harbour Engineering

基　　金：重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作(2022YFE0104500)。

摘　　要：随着西非海洋经济与港口建设的不断发展,对西非海域水动力特征,特别是波浪要素时空分布特征的认识显得愈加重要。基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECWMF) ERA-5再分析数据集中的42 a (1979-2020年)逐时波要素数据,对西非区域的混合浪、涌浪和风浪的有效波高和周期的时空分布进行分析。该海域旱季和雨季的波要素特征具有显著区别。在空间分布上,西非海域的涌浪、混合浪有效波高由近岸向离岸处、低纬度向高纬度不断增大;混合浪以及涌浪的周期由中部区域向四周不断增大;风浪波高和周期在赤道以北,由南向北逐渐增大;赤道以南,由南向北先增大后减小。涌浪和混合浪的月度分布主要呈现3种特征,分别为月度变化较小的无峰值型以及月度变化明显的Ω形和倒Ω形。此外,通过波浪危险性分析,发现其危险性从西非海域中部近岸区域向离岸、从低纬度向高纬度逐渐增加,其中西非南部海域的危险性最高,佛得角北部海域的危险性次之。With th e continuous development of marine economy and port construction in West Africa,it is important to be aware of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ocean waves in West African waters,especially the spatial and temporal distribution of wave characteristics.The temporal and spatial distribution of the effective wave heights and periods of combined wave,swell and wind wave in West Africa was analyzed based on the hourly wave characteristics data from the ERA-5 reanalysis dataset of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECWMF)for 42 years(1979 to 2020).The wave characteristics in dry season and rainy season are significantly different.In terms of spatial distribution,significant wave height of swell and combined wave in West African waters increase from nearshore to offshore and from low latitude to high latitude.The period of swell and combined wave increases from the central region to the periphery.The wave height and period of wind waves gradually increase from south and north sides in the north of the equator,and firstly increase and then decrease from south to north in the south of the equator.The monthly distribution of swell and combined wave mainly presents three characteristics,which are non-peak type with little monthly variation,andΩtype and invertedΩtype with obvious monthly variation.In addition,through the analysis of wave risk,it is found that the risk gradually increases from the nearshore area of central West Africa to the offshore area and from low latitudes to high latitudes,with the highest risk in the southern part of West African waters,followed by the northern part of Cape Verde.

关 键 词：西非海域 波要素特性 时空分布 重现期波高 风险分析 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学] U652[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]