抽水蓄能成本补偿机制及成本影响因素研究  

Research on Cost Compensation Mechanism and Cost Influencing Factors of Pumped Storage

作　　者：黄汉权 赵宏 翟大伟 Huang Hanquan;Zhao Hong;Zhai Dawei

机构地区：[1]国家发展改革委价格成本调查中心

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2022年第2期12-19,共8页Price:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：为推动能源结构转型和实现“双碳”目标,我国提出构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统。作为应对新能源高波动性的主要手段,储能将在构建绿色、安全、经济的新型电力系统中承担重任。抽水蓄能电站是电力系统应用历史最悠久、技术最成熟、经济性最好的储能方式,将迎来新的发展机遇。研究抽水蓄能功能作用、明确其运营模式及价格机制不仅对抽水蓄能产业健康发展具有重要意义,也可以对其他储能产业发展提供良好借鉴。由于抽水蓄能电站运营成本受运营年限、装机规模、自然条件、装备技术水平等多方面因素影响,合理制定抽水蓄能电站容量电价面临复杂的技术性难题。本文基于对全国已投产运营32家抽水蓄能电站中25家电站的充分调查研究,厘清了抽水蓄能电站在电力系统中的功能定位、运营模式、价格机制和成本特点及变化规律,并构建了约束与激励并重的成本审核指标体系,开发了新投运抽水蓄能电站容量电价成本预测模型。本文研究可以为抽水蓄能产业政策、价格政策制定提供科学依据和技术支撑。In order to promote the transformation of the energy structure and achieve the "dual carbon" goal,China proposes to build a new power system with new energy as the main body.As the main ways to deal with the high volatility of new energy,energy storage will play a significant role in building a green,safe and economical new power system.Pumped storage power station is the energy storage method with the longest application history,the most mature technology,and the best economy in the power system,and will usher in new development opportunities.Studying the function of pumped storage and clarifying its operation mode and price mechanism is not only of great significance to the healthy development of the pumped storage industry but also provides a good reference for the development of other energy storage industries.Since the operating cost of a pumped-storage power station is affected by many factors such as operating years,installed capacity,natural conditions,and equipment technology level,the rational formulation of the capacity and electricity price of a pumped-storage power station faces complex technical difficulties.Based on a full investigation and research on 25 of the 32 pumped-storage power stations that have been put into operation nationwide,this paper clarifies the functional positioning,operation mode,price mechanism,cost characteristics,and changing laws of pumped-storage power stations in the power system.The study constructs a cost audit index system that emphasizes both constraints and incentives and develops a forecasting model for the capacity electricity price cost of newly put into operation pumped-storage power stations.The research can provide a scientific basis and technical support for the formulation of pumped storage industry policy and price policy.

关 键 词：新能源 新型电力系统 抽水蓄能 储能容量电价 储能成本 成本审核指标体系 容量电价成本预测模型 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济] F426.91