贵州省铜仁市土家族老年高血压患病情况及影响因素分析  

Analysis on prevalence of hypertension and influencing factors among the elderly of Tujia nationality,Tongren city,Guizhou province

作　　者：何绍前 胡志平[1] 周小艳[1] 李钟艳[1] 彭元君 HE Shao-qian;HU Zhi-ping;ZHOU Xaio-yan;LI Zhon-yan;PENG Yuan-jun(Qiannan Medical College for NationalitiesDuyun,Guizhou,558000 China;不详)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族医学高等专科学校,贵州都匀558000 [2]铜仁市卫生健康局

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2022年第5期382-385,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：黔南民族医学高等专科学校科研基金(QNYZ201925)。

摘　　要：目的 了解贵州省铜仁市土家族老年高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为贵州省土家族老年高血压综合防治及生活质量改善提供科学依据。方法 于2019年8-10月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取铜仁60岁及以上的世居土家族,通过问卷调查(一般人口学资料、家族史、生活行为方式资料)和体格检查获得资料。对高血压患病情况和影响因素进行分析。结果 共调查423份资料,排除不完整的16份,实际有效407份,其中男性57.00%(232/407),小学及以上学历64.62%(263/407),农民93.12%(379/407),年龄60~69岁37.35%(152/407),70~79岁40.79%(166/407),80岁以上21.87%(89/407)。贵州铜仁土家族老年高血压患病率为43.24%;知晓率68.18%,治疗率55.11%,控制率14.20%。影响因素中年龄[O R=1.76,95%CI=1.04~2.98(70~79岁)]、留守(O R=2.05,95%CI=1.25~3.37)、衰弱(O R=2.63,95%CI=1.54~4.61)、高血压家族史(O R=3.49,95%CI=1.89~6.42)、肥胖(O R=4.75,95%CI=1.73~13.06)是高血压患病的危险因素;动植物平衡的膳食结构模式(O R=0.15,95%CI=0.04~0.53)、参加劳动(O R=0.56,95%CI=0.34~0.90)是高血压患病的保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 贵州土家族老年高血压患病率较2015年全国平均水平低,但是高血压控制率略差,应进一步加大防治教育和加强患病管理。Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors among Tujia nationality elderly in Tongren city,so as to provide scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of hypertension among the Tujia nationality elderly of Guizhou province.Methods As of August 2019,a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select people aged 60 years and above who have been living there from generation to generation in Tongren city.Information collecting by questionnaire surveys(general demographic data,family history,and behavior data)and physical examination.The prevalence situation of hypertension and its influencing factors were analyzed.Results A total of 423 surveys were conducted,16 incomplete data were excluded,and 407 were actually valid,male 57.00%(232/407),primary school education or above 64.62%(263/407),farmer 93.12%(379/407),aged 60-69 years 37.35%(152/407),aged 70-79 years 40.79%(166/407),above 80 years 21.87%(89/407).The prevalence of hypertension among Tujia nationality elderly in Tongren city of Guizhou province was 43.24%;The awareness,treatment and control rate of hypertension were 68.18%,55.11% and 14.20%.Age[O R=1.76,95%CI=1.04-2.98(70-79 years)],stay behind(O R=2.05,95%CI=1.25-3.37),weakness(O R=2.63,95%CI=1.54-4.61),the family history of hypertension(O R=3.49,95%CI=1.89-6.42),obesity(O R=4.75,95%CI=1.73-13.06)were risk factors for hypertension;Animal and plant balanced dietary patterns(O R=0.15,95%CI=0.04-0.53)and participation in labor(O R=0.56,95%CI=0.34-0.90)were protective factors of hypertension,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in the Tujia nationality of Guizhou province is lower than the national average of 2015,but the control rate of hypertension is slightly worse.It is necessary to further strengthen prevention education and disease management.

关 键 词：贵州 土家族 老年人 高血压 影响因素 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R195.4[医药卫生—内科学]