寻找规制治理外的减排力量:一个外资开放驱动减排的证据  

Alternatives for Emissions Reduction Other Than Regulation: Evidence for Emissions Reduction Driven by Opening up to Foreign Investment

作　　者：韩超[1] 王震 HAN Chao;WANG Zhen(Dongbei University of Finance and Economies,116025)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学产业组织与企业组织研究中心,116025

出　　处：《财贸经济》2022年第6期97-113,共17页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“央地互动下环境规制纵向配置优化推动制造业绿色转型研究:内在机理与成本收益分析”(72173015);国家自然科学基金面上项目“异质性企业约束下环境规制对工业污染排放影响机制”(71774028);国家社会科学基金重大项目“供给侧结构性改革下东北地区创新要素结构分析与优化对策研究”(18ZDA042)。

摘　　要：污染已经成为中国高质量发展道路上无法回避的问题,如何有效治理污染是当前中国刻不容缓的重要课题。污染排放与要素投入、生产过程、污染治理措施等紧密相关,除规制治理外是否存在其他的减排力量?以二氧化硫为例,本文探究了外资开放冲击下技术效率驱动污染减排的可能影响渠道。研究发现,外资开放显著降低了企业污染排放,国有企业、规模较大企业以及出口企业在外资开放后取得了更加显著的污染减排效果,而污染密集型产业、规制压力较小地区内企业的污染减排效果较弱。考察企业的反应行为发现,在外资开放冲击下企业技术效率的提升而非污染治理投资的增加驱动了污染减排。加总层面的分析发现,外资开放冲击下污染减排效应依然主要体现为企业自身减排能力的提升,而非来自企业间资源再配置效应。本文研究发现,技术效率提升是推动污染减排的重要工具,未来中国须更灵活地利用其他政策在技术效率方面的污染减排效果推动绿色高质量发展。Pollution has become a problem that cannot be ignored as China embarks on the road to high-quality development. It is imperative for China to effectively reduce pollution. Pollutant emissions are closely related to the input of factors, the production process, and pollution control measures. Are there alternatives for emissions reduction other than regulation? Based on the impact of opening up to foreign investment, this paper studies the possible mechanism of pollution reduction by taking sulfur dioxide emissions as an example. The study finds that the opening up to foreign investment significantly reduced the firms’ pollutant emissions. At the same time, it is found that after opening up to foreign investment, state-owned firms, large-scale firms and export firms reduced more emissions than firms in pollution-intensive industries and firms in the less regulated areas. The observation of firms’ reaction found that opening up to foreign investment can reduce firms’ emissions by improving the technical efficiency rather than by increasing the emission reduction investment. The analysis on the aggregate level shows that the emission reduction effect of foreign investment mainly reflects the improvement in emission reduction capacity of firms, rather than the process of resource reallocation between firms. This paper finds that technical efficiency is an important tool to reduce pollution, and in the future China needs to use other policies more flexibly to reduce emissions through technical efficiency to promote green and high-quality development.

关 键 词：污染减排 外资开放 企业行为 技术效率 

分 类 号：F741.1[经济管理—国际贸易]