昭通南方草山退化及人工改造对土壤种子库的影响  

Impacts of the Degraded Grassy Hill and Artificial Reconstruction on Soil Seed Bank in Southern Zhaotong

作　　者：朱虹 沈有信[1,2] 陈发军[1,3] 付珣 王文 ZHU Hong;SHEN You-xin;CHEN Fa-jun;FU Xun;WANG Wen(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan Province 650223,China;Core Botanical Gardens,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Menglun,Yunnan Province 666303,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Yunnan Sheep Breeding Promotion Center,Kunming,Yunnan Province 655204,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]中国科学院核心植物园,云南勐仑666303 [3]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [4]云南省种羊繁殖推广中心,云南寻甸655204

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第6期1359-1369,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项-昭通南方草地恢复技术与优质牧草群落构建(XDA26020203-2)资助。

摘　　要：土壤种子库在退化生态系统的恢复中发挥着重要作用。本研究选取了昭通南方草山的4类草地,采集土样后通过萌发实验揭示其土壤种子库特征。结果表明:4类样地的土壤样品中共萌发出45种植物,隶属于20科39属,种子库储量为3087~18553粒·m^(-2),种子库密度随土层加深均在逐渐降低。与轻度放牧草地相比,过度放牧草地的土壤种子库密度下降,但物种数量和多样性增加;严重退化的稀草裸斑土地种子库密度则显著降低(P<0.05),物种数量和多样性减少;而人工改造后的草地种子库密度显著增高(P<0.05)、物种数量和多样性也达到最高。昭通南方草山种子库与地上植被的总相似性系数为0.22~0.45,过度放牧草地、稀草裸斑土地和人工改造草地种子库与地上植被的相似系数均高于轻度放牧草地。总之,昭通南方草山退化和人工改造对土壤种子库产生巨大影响,上述结果可为后期退化草地治理提供理论依据。Soil seed banks play important roles in the restoration of degraded ecosystems.In this study,four types of grassland in the grassy hill of southern Zhaotong were selected,and the characteristics of soil seed banks were revealed through germination experiments.The results show that:there were 45 plant species appeared in the soil seed banks,which belong to 20 families and 39 genera.The density of soil seed banks was between 3087~18553 seeds·m^(-2),and the seed density decreased with increase of soil depth.Compared with light grazing grassland,the density of soil seed bank in overgrazing grassland decreased,but the number and diversity of species increased.However,the density of soil seed bank in bare grassland decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the number and diversity of species decreased.After artificial reconstruction,the density of seed bank increased significantly(P<0.05),and the number and diversity of species reached the highest number.The total similarity coefficient between seed bank and aboveground vegetation in grassy hill of southern Zhaotong is between 0.22 and 0.45.This similarity coefficient in overgrazing grassland,bare grassland and artificial grassland was higher than light grazing grassland.In conclusion,the degraded grassy hill and artificial reconstruction has a huge impact on soil seed banks in southern Zhaotong,and those results can provide a basis for the management of degraded grasslands at a later stage.

关 键 词：土壤种子库 草山 恢复潜力 干扰 

分 类 号：S812.5[农业科学—草业科学]