河口地貌对潮汐不对称性影响的数值模拟研究  

A numerical simulation study on the response of tidal asymmetry to estuarine morphologies

作　　者：周曾 陈璐莹[3] 蒋春海 储鏖 Ian Townend[4] 张长宽 Zhou Zeng;Chen Luying;Jiang Chunhai;Chu Ao;Ian Townend;Zhang Changkuan(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Shanghai Engineering Consulting(Group)Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China;School of Ocean and Earth Science,University of Southampton,Southampton SO171BJ,UK)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点试验室,江苏南京210098 [3]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [4]南安普顿大学海洋与地球科学学院,南安普顿SO171BJ

出　　处：《海洋学报》2022年第7期37-46,共10页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41976156);江苏省优秀青年科学基金(BK20200077)。

摘　　要：河口地貌形态对潮汐不对称性的产生和发展有着至关重要的作用。本文根据英国Humber河口数据建立了概化模型,研究了在同一纳潮量情况下,主槽断面形态、平面形态和河口收缩率对河口潮汐不对称性的影响。结果表明,较深的主槽能使相位差峰值出现较晚且峰值更大,从而影响局部区域的涨潮流强弱,主槽越浅,最大落潮流速越小,落潮所需历时越长,河口更倾向于涨潮主导,窄潮滩倾向于涨潮主导型,宽潮滩倾向于落潮主导型;平面形态沿程收缩且长度较长的河口涨潮主导型最强,此外,河口宽度沿程缩窄会加大主槽的余流流速,减小潮滩的余流流速;随着河口平面收缩率的增强,主槽的余流流速减小,潮滩余流流速增大,潮滩更倾向于涨潮主导。本文进一步丰富了河口地形地貌变化对潮汐不对称性影响的认识,可为河口区工程建设和管理维护提供科学依据。Estuarine morphologies play an important role on tidal asymmetry. A two-dimensional numerical model is established with the Humber Estuary, UK as a reference site. A series of simulations are designed to examine the effects of the estuary cross-section shape, planform and convergence on the development of tidal asymmetry, whilst maintaining the same tidal prism. Model results show that deeper channels result in the lag and enhancement of phase difference whilst shallower channels result in a decline in the maximum ebb-tide velocity and longer period of ebb tide, and the estuary tends to be flood-dominated;narrow tidal flat tends to favour ebb dominance while broad tidal flat tends to favour flood dominance. Flood dominance is strongest in the convergent and long estuary.In addition, narrowing the estuary width will enhance the residual flow velocity of the main channel but weaken the residual flow velocity of the tidal flat. With the increase in estuary convergence, the residual flow velocity of the main channel increases but decreases on the tidal flat, and strengthen the flood dominance of the tidal flat. This paper further improves the research on the influence of estuary landforms on tidal asymmetry, which has certain guiding significance for reclamation and coastal engineering.

关 键 词：潮汐不对称性 河口地貌形态 稳定关系 潮滩和主槽 余流 调和分析 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学] P737.211