俄国“大北方探险”的帝国叙事  

Imperial Narrative of Russia’s “Great Northern Expedition”

作　　者：邢媛媛[1] Xing Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2022年第3期148-169,174,共23页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“东北亚视阈下俄日关系与中国因素的历史研究(1701~1917)”(19BSS046)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“大北方探险”是俄罗斯帝国历史上规模最大、历时最长、最具雄心的一次探险活动。探险队横跨欧亚美三洲,取得三项主要成果:加强对西伯利亚的认识和开发,一定程度上完成了从征服到统治的转折;发现日本,为扩大经略远东、建立太平洋基地准备了前提;发现阿拉斯加,为殖民美洲打下基础。贸易与征服、地图的绘制与保密、科学知识的生产、移民迁徙是大北方探险作用于俄帝国的四种主要进路,一定程度上有助于俄国摆脱地缘政治和经济困境。通过探险,俄国巩固了欧亚大陆一体化,初步实现了太平洋世界一体化,在此基础上强化了陆海权复合帝国的特性。大北方探险是俄国利益和目标不断更新和叠加而对帝国地缘战略提出更高更新要求的产物,也正是探险造就的丰富遗产助力俄国建立起强大的帝国网络。“Great Northern Expedition” is the largest, longest and most ambitious expedition in the history of the Russian Empire. The expedition crossed Europe, Asia and America and achieved three main achievements: strengthening the understanding and development of Siberia and completing the transition from conquest to rule;the discovery of Japan prepared the premise for expanding the strategy of the Far East and establishing the Pacific base;the discovery of Alaska laid the foundation for colonizing America. Trade and conquest, map drawing, production of scientific knowledge and migration are the four main ways of the Great Northern expedition, which will help Russia get rid of geopolitical and economic difficulties to a certain extent. Through expedition, Russia consolidated the integration of Eurasia and initially realized the integration with the Pacific world. On this basis, it strengthened the characteristics of the composite empire of land and sea power. The Great Northern Expedition is the product of higher and newer requirements for the geopolitical strategy of the Empire. The rich heritage created by the expedition helped Russia establish a strong imperial network.

关 键 词：俄罗斯帝国 大北方探险 西伯利亚 日本 美洲 

分 类 号：K512.34[历史地理—历史学]