油菜旋转盘式高速集排器螺旋供种装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Spiral Seed Feeding Device in Spinning Disc High-speed Metering Device for Rapeseed

作　　者：姚露 廖庆喜[1,2] 王磊 刘海[1,2] 魏国粱 王宝山 YAO Lu;LIAO Qingxi;WANG Lei;LIU Hai;WEI Guoliang;WANG Baoshan(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid￣lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第6期78-88,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51875229);国家油菜产业体系专项(CARS12);湖北省科技厅农业科技创新行动项目。

摘　　要：针对现有机械离心式集排器高速作业时供种能力不足,供种量难以实现精量可调等实际问题,设计一种具有“螺旋进种条”结构的油菜旋转盘式高速集排器。基于油菜种子机械物理特性及播量需求,开发螺旋供种装置,构建种子供种过程的力学模型并分析确定了其主要结构参数。采用三元二次回归正交组合试验建立供种速率、供种速率稳定变异系数、破损率与转速、叶片宽度、导程之间的数学模型,分析得到影响供种速率的因素主次顺序为导程、叶片宽度、转速,影响供种速率稳定性变异系数及破损率的因素主次顺序为转速、导程、叶片宽度;且较优参数组合为:转速81 r/min、叶片宽度4 mm、导程15 mm。在较优参数组合下的台架验证试验得到供种装置的供种速率为92.7 g/min,供种速率稳定性变异系数为0.32%,破损率为0.29%;供种速率为36.55~190.94 g/min时,供种速率稳定性变异系数均低于1.29%,破损率均低于0.5%。田间试验表明机组作业速度为10 km/h时,油菜播种均匀性变异系数为9.4%,种植密度为48~60株/m^(2),可实现高速播种,满足油菜种植农艺要求,可为旋转盘式集排器结构改进提供参考。Considering the practical problem that the high-speed planting operation leads to the seed feeding capability insufficient and the difficulty of precise adjustment of feeding quantity of the existing centrifugal metering device,a prototype of spinning disc high-speed metering device for rapeseed with a spiral was developed.Based on the mechanical and physical properties and parameters and the demand of planting quantity for rapeseed,a spiral seed feeding device was proposed and the mechanical model of seed feeding were established and the main structural parameters were analyzed and determined.A three-factor quadratic orthogonal combination test was performed to establish a mathematical model between seed feeding rate,stability variation coefficient of seed feeding rate,damage rate and speed,blade width,and lead.The analysis result showed that the sequence of factors affecting the seed feeding rate were lead,blade width and speed,and the the sequence of factors affecting the stability variation coefficient of seed feeding rate and the damage rate were both speed,lead and blade width.The optimal parameter combination was established when the speed was 81 r/min,the blade width was 4 mm and the lead was 15 mm.The bench verification test results showed that the seed feeding rate was 92.7 g/min,the stability coefficient of variation was 0.32%,and the damage rate was 0.29%of the seed feeding device under the optimum combination of parameters.The seed feeding rate was varied from 36.55 g/min to 190.94 g/min,the stability variation coefficient of the seed rate was less than 1.29%,and the damage rate was less than 0.5%.The field experiment showed that when the planting speed of the seeder was 10 km/h,the uniformity variation coefficient of rapeseed seeding was 9.4%,and the planting density was 48~60 plants/m2,which could complete high-speed seeding.It could meet the performance requirements of rapeseed and would provide a reference for the structure improvement of spinning disc metering device for rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 旋转盘式集排器 高速 螺旋进种条 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]