基于DSSAT-CERES-Wheat的黄土高原西部春小麦干旱影响研究  

Effects of Droughts and Meteorology on Spring Wheat in Western Loess Plateau Based on DSSATCERESWheat Model

作　　者：李毅[1] 张思远 刘庆祝 姬亚东 姚宁[1] 宋小燕[1] LI Yi;ZHANG Siyuan;LIU Qingzhu;JI Yadong;YAO Ning;SONG Xiaoyan(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第6期338-348,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0606902);国家自然科学基金项目(52079114);外国专家引进项目(G20200027071)。

摘　　要：为提出有效措施预防黄土高原西部地区春小麦生产受到气象和农业干旱的影响,估算了1961—2018年期间、时间尺度1~6个月标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index,SPEI)以及深度0~10 cm和深度10~40 cm的土壤水分亏缺指数(Soil moisture deficit index,SMDI),探究了气象和农业干旱时空变化规律;利用DSSATCERESWheat模型模拟了黄土高原西部7个站点春小麦1961—2018年的生长要素和产量数据,分析了其时空变化规律;并研究了气象和农业干旱对春小麦生长过程及产量的影响。结果表明:以甘肃临夏站为例,时间尺度1~6个月SPEI和SMDI的干湿状态总体上一致,SPEI总体呈现干湿交替,深度0~10 cm的SMDI以及深度10~40 cm的SMDI的变化基本一致,均呈现变湿润的趋势。DSSATCERESWheat模型模拟黄土高原西部春小麦生长过程和产量方面的效果良好(决定系数R^(2)为0.65~0.84);1961—2018年春小麦最大叶面积指数和地上生物量无明显变化趋势,而产量在2005年之后有增加的趋势。开花期和灌浆期的干旱对春小麦生长过程以及产量的影响更大,SMDI与春小麦生长和产量要素之间的关系比SPEI更为密切,表明农业干旱对春小麦生长和产量的影响更大,其中深度0~10 cm的SMDI比深度10~40 cm的SMDI影响程度大。时间尺度2个月的深度0~10 cm的SMDI是干旱背景下影响春小麦生长和产量的关键时间尺度。本研究为黄土高原西部春小麦生产应对气象和农业干旱提供了参考。With the global warming,droughts occurred more frequently than before.Droughts have occurred in all major farming areas in China,and spread all over the country.The wheat production in the western Loess Plateau is obviously affected by drought,flood and water conditions,so it is necessary to study its response characteristics under the background of meteorology and agricultural droughts in order to put forward effective measures to prevent agricultural production from being negatively affected by drought.The DSSATCERESWheat model was combined to simulate spring wheat at seven sites in the western Loess Plateau.The growth factors and yield data from 1961 to 2018 were collected and their temporal and spatial changes were analyzed.The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and soil moisture deficit index(SMDI)at the 0~10 cm depth and 10~40 cm depth at the time scales of 1~6 months were estimated,and the temporal and spatial changes of meteorological and agricultural drought were explored.The effects of drought severity on the growth process and yield of spring wheat were further studied.The results showed that taking Linxia Station in Gansu as an example,the dry and wet status of SPEI and SMDI at the time scale of 1~6 months were generally consistent,SPEI generally showed alternatively wet and dry conditions,and the changes in SMDI at the 0~10 cm depth and SMDI at the 10~40 cm depth were basically the same,showing a wetter trend.The DSSATCERESWheat model was effective in simulating the key growth period and yield of spring wheat in the western Loess Plateau(0.65≤R2≤0.84).The maximum leaf area index of spring wheat from 1961 to 2018 and the above-ground biomass had no obvious change trends,but the yield had an increasing trend after 2005.Drought in the jointing and filling stages had greater impacts on the growth process and yield of spring wheat.The relationship between SMDI and spring wheat growth and yield elements was closer than SPEI,indicating that agricultural drought had a greater impact

关 键 词：春小麦 产量 干旱指标 气象 黄土高原西部 DSSATCERESWheat模型 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]