稀释制冷机^(3)He-^(4)He混合溶液非稳态制冷过程研究  

Research on unsteady refrigeration process of^(3)He-^(4)He mixture in dilution refrigerator

作　　者：郑茂文 赵密广[1] 卫铃佼 潘子杰 全加[1] 梁惊涛[1,2] 陈厚磊 Zheng Maowen;Zhao Miguang;Wei Lingjiao;Pan Zijie;Quan Jia;Liang Jingtao;Chen Houlei(Key Laboratory of Technology on Space Energy Conversion,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,中国科学院空间功热转换技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《低温工程》2022年第3期19-26,共8页Cryogenics

基　　金：中国科学院重点实验室基金(CXJJ-21S039.2009ZYHG0003)。

摘　　要：稀释制冷机是量子计算、超导的核心设备,能为其提供近乎绝对零度的低温环境,将热噪声降至极低水平。为了研究稀释制冷机的工作特性,将稀释制冷机非稳态启动过程分为3个阶段,并给出3个阶段的热力学分析方法。针对减压过程得到了其两相态参数平衡关系,并分析了热负荷对其影响。针对非稳态相分离过程研究了其稀释制冷特性,并分析了非理想因素对其制冷过程的影响。研究结果给出了各阶段的制冷特性,为稀释制冷机的研究与实验设计提供理论依据。Dilution refrigerator is the core equipment of quantum computing and superconductivity,which can provide a low temperature environment near absolute zero and reduce thermal noise to an extremely low level.To study the working characteristics of dilution refrigerator,the unsteady start-up process is divided into three stages,and the thermodynamic analysis method of the three stages is given.For the decompression process,the two-phase state parameter equilibrium relationship is obtained,and the influence of thermal load on it is analyzed.The dilution refrigeration characteristics of the unsteady phase separation process are studied,and the influence of non-ideal factors on the refrigeration process is analyzed.The research results point out the refrigeration characteristics of each stage,and provide a theoretical basis for the research and experimental design of dilution refrigerator.

关 键 词：稀释制冷 极低温 量子计算 绝对零度 

分 类 号：TB661[一般工业技术—制冷工程]