生活圈环境要素对居民健康影响 --以北京市石景山区居民肥胖状况为例  

The Impact of Environmental Factors in the Daily Life Circle on Residents’Health:A Case Study of the Obesity Status of Residents in Shijingshan District,Beijing

作　　者：运迎霞[1] 王善超[1,2] 马超 王杰 任利剑 YUN Yingxia;WANG Shanchao;MA Chao;WANG Jie;REN Lijian

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]东莞市交通投资集团 [3]山东省烟台市芝罘区政府 [4]南开大学医学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2022年第3期81-87,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51508378)。

摘　　要：肥胖可能与建成环境有关。本文通过建立包含建成环境5D变量的密度、多样性、可达性、设计、换乘点距离等15小类要素在内的环境量化数据集;使其与医疗机构居民肥胖状况登记数据叠加,得到的“居民健康——城市建成环境”综合数据集并建立多维度居民肥胖情况与建成环境指标判断矩阵,采用机器学习随机森林算法对数据集进行分类,判断出各个环境要素对居民肥胖程度影响的相关性和贡献度。发现北京市石景山区中,可达性特征中街道中间性和街道弯曲度对居民肥胖影响的贡献度最大,生活圈公园覆盖数和生活圈水系数量贡献度最小。通过环境要素的改善对居民肥胖状况进行干预是具有可行性的。Among all current public health problems,obesity becomes one of the major problems in China.The obesity rate in large urbanized areas has been rising year after year,and these places tend to have the most obese populations.After decades of rapid urbanization in China,large urban agglomerations have become the region with the most intensive construction activities and the most drastic environmental changes in China.Currently,more than 60%of China’s population lives in large urban communities.In a city,the environment that has the closest contact with residents’life is the life circle composed of their daily living activities.Therefore,changes in the elements of the built environment of the community life circle will have the most direct impact on the health of residents.Based on international research,the relationship between the built environment of community life circle and obesity has been established.The community environment can affect the degree of obesity of residents.The environment may affect overweight through conductive or inhibitory effects on physical activity and healthy diet and obesity.Due to differences in many factors such as ethnicity,culture,social development stage,and economic development level,urban construction in Chinese cities may differ from others in different countries.This study focuses on China’s national conditions and discusses the relationship between the built environment and obesity levels in China’s large cities.The study selects Shijingshan District,Beijing as the research area.In order to quantify the relationship between the built environment of the community living circle and obesity degree,firstly it describes the built environment of the community living circle quantitatively,and then establishes the“5D”evaluation system.This system contains five categories of environmental factor indicators such as density,diversity,accessibility,design,and distance to transfer points,and subdivided into 15 sub-categories based on past researches.In more detail the“5D”is

关 键 词：居民肥胖 生活圈 建成环境 机器学习 环境要素对肥胖贡献度 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]