星形胶质细胞在脊髓损伤中的作用及机制  

Role and mechanism of astrocytes in spinal cord injury

作　　者：刘太聪 贺雨晴 史永强 南伟[1,2] 巩朝阳 赵光海 周开升[1,2] 张海鸿 LIU Taicong;HE Yuqing;SHI Yongqiang;NAN Wei;GONG Chaoyang;ZHAO Guanghai;ZHOU Kaisheng;ZHANG Haihong(Department of Orthopedics,the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730000;Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu,730000;Department of Pathology,Zhuzhou Central Hospital of Hunan Province,Zhuzhou,Hunan,412000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省骨关节疾病研究重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]湖南省株洲市中心医院病理科,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《实用临床医药杂志》2022年第11期143-148,共6页Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960175)。

摘　　要：脊髓损伤的治疗是医学领域亟待解决的困难之一。星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中发挥着非常关键的作用,可为神经元提供结构支持和营养物质,参与突触形成,维持内环境稳态。脊髓损伤后星形胶质细胞变为反应性星形胶质细胞,而反应性星形胶质细胞增生和迁移可限制脊髓损伤后炎症反应,防止神经功能进一步受损。同时,反应性星形胶质细胞增生是胶质瘢痕形成的关键步骤,而胶质瘢痕作为物理及化学屏障可限制轴突再生。因此,充分了解脊髓损伤后反应性星形胶质细胞的生物学过程和分子机制,对于寻找靶向神经再生的特定分子具有重要意义。The treatment of spinal cord injury is one of the urgent difficulties in medical field.Astrocytes play key roles in the central nervous system,provide structural support and nutrient substance nutrient substance nutrient substancefor neurons,participate in synaptic formation,and maintain homeostasis in the internal environment.After spinal cord injury,astrocytes become reactive astrocytes,and their proliferation and migration can limit the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury and prevent further neurological damage.At the same time,reactive astrocyte hyperplasia is a key step in the formation of glial scar,which acts as a physical and chemical barrier to restrict axonal regeneration.Therefore,it is important to fully understand the biological processes and molecular mechanisms of reactive astrocytes after spinal cord injury to search for target specific molecules of neural regeneration.

关 键 词：脊髓损伤 胶质瘢痕 星形胶质细胞 神经功能恢复 信号通路 治疗 

分 类 号：R681.5[医药卫生—骨科学] R363.2[医药卫生—外科学]