黄河巴彦高勒-头道拐河段泥沙冲淤调整特点  

Sedimentation characteristics of the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai of the Yellow River

作　　者：张晓华[1,2] 郑艳爽 尚红霞[1,2] 丰青[1] ZHANG Xiaohua;ZHENG Yanshuang;SHANG Hongxia;FENG Qing(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Research Center of YB Conservation and Development,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水利水运工程学报》2022年第3期41-49,共9页Hydro-Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51909100,52009047);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKYJBYW-2020-14,HKY-JBYW-2019-07,HKY-JBYW-2020-03,HKY-JBYW-2018-11)。

摘　　要：通过实测资料分析,阐明黄河上游宁蒙河道巴彦高勒-头道拐河段不同粒径泥沙来源及冲淤调整特点:长时期(1952—2012年)河段来沙组成以细泥沙为主,占总沙量的52.7%,且来源与中泥沙和较粗泥沙相同,主要来自巴彦高勒以上;特粗泥沙是淤积的主体,占总淤积量的56.2%,且来源比例在巴彦高勒以上、十大孔兑和沿河沙漠三个地区比较相近。不同粒径泥沙的普遍冲淤调整规律为:细泥沙、中泥沙和较粗泥沙随来水来沙发生冲淤调整,特粗泥沙持续累积淤积。因此,不同粒径泥沙在不同时期的年内调整特点有较大差别,汛期1986年以前特粗泥沙是淤积的主体,细泥沙和中泥沙冲刷;1986年后细泥沙和中泥沙转冲为淤,细泥沙成为淤积的主体。非汛期泥沙由1986年前的冲刷转为1986年后的淤积,主要在于细泥沙和中泥沙由冲转淤及较粗泥沙的增淤。初步分析表明,河段各时期泥沙的冲淤调整取决于干流来水来沙量及水流过程,十大孔兑的来沙量也有较大影响。研究结果可为宁蒙河道悬河治理提供基础支撑。The analysis shows the various sand sources and characteristics of sedimentation in the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai part of Ningmeng reaches of the Yellow River:for a long time(1952-2012),the proportion of fine sands(sediment diameter d≤0.025 mm)of the in-coming sediment is 52.7%,which is dominant.The fine and medium sands(0.025<d≤0.050 mm)and coarse sands(0.050<d≤0.100 mm)all come from the upper reaches of Bayangaole.The proportion of extra coarse sands(d>0.100 mm)in deposition is 56.2%,which is dominant.And the extra coarse sands come from the upper reaches of Bayangaole,tributaries and aeolian sand evenly.The erosion and deposition law of various grain sands is:the erosion and deposition of the fine and medium and coarse sands occur due to flow and sediment conditions,and the extra coarse sands deposit continuously.Therefore,the adjustment characteristics of various grain sands are quite different in each period.In the flood season,the extra coarse sands are the largest part in deposition before 1986,the fine and medium sands are eroded before 1986 and deposit after 1986,and the fine sands are the largest part of deposition.In non-flood season,all the sands are eroded before 1986 and deposit after 1986 mainly due to the fact that fine and medium sands are eroded before 1986 and deposit after 1986,and the deposition of coarse sands increases.The preliminary analysis shows that the sediment erosion and deposition adjustment in the reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai in each period depends on the runoff and sediment of the mainstream and flow processes,and is also affected by tributary sand volume.The research results provide a basic support for the control of the susperded river in Ningmeng reaches of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：黄河宁蒙河道 不同粒径泥沙 冲淤特点 泥沙来源 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]