基于景观格局的降雨径流污染风险评价方法  

The evaluation method of risk of rainfall-runoff pollution based on landscape pattern

作　　者：齐小天 张质明 QI Xiaotian;ZHANG Zhiming(School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京建筑大学北京应对气候变化研究和人才培养基地,北京100044

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第6期755-762,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3200701);北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(No.X20067)。

摘　　要：降雨径流污染是城市面临的重要环境问题之一,从景观格局角度识别污染物入河风险可为降雨径流污染控制提供有效途径。将空间位置与空间结构、静态格局与动态过程相结合,集成多种指数作为表征,评价凉水河流域降雨径流污染发生风险。结果表明:(1)依据景观负荷对比指数(LWLI),径流污染发生风险从高到低依次为区域3、区域2、区域1、区域5、区域4;区域1内300~600 m建设用地累积负荷量偏高;区域2内1500~2000 m耕地和建设用地累积负荷量偏高;区域3内0~2000 m林地和0~1500 m水域累积负荷量偏低。(2)依据景观结构对比指数(LSLI),径流污染发生风险从高到低依次为区域3、区域5、区域2、区域1、区域4;区域5“汇”景观破碎度偏高,区域2和区域3“源”景观优势度偏高。(3)依据景观综合对比指数(LCLI),各区域径流污染发生风险从高到低依次为区域3、区域2、区域5、区域1、区域4。区域3和区域2应是凉水河流域降雨径流污染治理的重点。Rainfall-runoff pollution is one of the most important environmental problems.Identifying the risk of pollutants entering river from the perspective of landscape pattern is an effective way to control rainfall-runoff pollution.The risk of rainfall-runoff pollution in Liangshui River basin was evaluated by combining spatial location and spatial structure,as well as static pattern and dynamic process,and integrating multiple indexes as representation.The results showed that:(1)LWLI denoted that the risk of runoff pollution was as follows:Region 3>Region 2>Region 1>Region 5>Region 4.In Region 1,300-600 m construction land cumulative load was relatively high;in Region 2,1500-2000 m cultivated land and construction land cumulative load was relatively high;in Region 3,0-2000 m forest land and 0-1500 m water area cumulative load was relatively low.(2)LSLI denoted that the risk of runoff pollution was as follows:Region 3>Region 5>Region 2>Region 1>Region 4.The fragmentation degree of“sink”landscape in Region 5 was high,and the dominance degree of“source”landscape in Region 2 and Region 3 was high.(3)LCLI denoted that the risk of runoff pollution in each region was as follows:Region 3>Region 2>Region 5>Region 1>Region 4.Region 3 and Region 2 should be the focus of rainfall-runoff pollution control in Liangshui River basin.

关 键 词：降雨径流污染 景观格局 景观指数 “源-汇”景观理论 风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4