新型冠状病毒肺炎之后社区防疫医疗废物管理:中日对比与启示  

Management of community epidemic prevention medical waste after COVID-19:comparison and enlightenment between China and Japan

作　　者：徐国畅 谭全银[1] 刘丽丽[1] 宋庆彬 李金惠[1] XU Guochang;TAN Quanyin;LIU Lili;SONG Qingbin;LI Jinhui(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Macao Environmental Research Institute,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao Special Administrative Region 999078)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]澳门科技大学澳门环境研究院,中国澳门特别行政区999078

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第6期811-815,823,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.16ZDA071);澳门特别行政区科学技术发展基金项目(No.0062/2020/A)。

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发以来,居民日常防护过程中产生的废口罩、手套、防护服、防护帽、擦拭纸巾以及家庭医疗行为后产生的废针头、棉签、纱布、呼吸面罩、药瓶等社区防疫医疗废物倍增,其中可能潜伏病毒或细菌,是具有高人群暴露风险和环境风险的潜在二次污染源。在抗击疫情的过程中,中国积累了大量关于社区防疫医疗废物管理的实践经验,但仍需要形成常态化防控体制。海上邻国日本对传染性废物的管理起步较早。对日本的传染性废物管理体制进行调研,总结日本经验,对比中日情况,提出3点建议:(1)制定疫情防控发展计划,将强化社区防疫医疗废物的管理纳入计划;(2)建立家庭医疗废物分类、收集体系;(3)细化指导文件中对疫学知识的介绍和措施操作的说明。Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19),the community epidemic prevention medical waste including waste mask,glove,protection suit,protection hat,tissue,as well as waste needle,cotton swab,gauze,breathing mask,medicine bottle had increased tremendously,in which there might exist virus(or bacteria),were potential secondary pollution sources with high human exposure risk and environmental risk.In the process of fighting against pandemic,China has accumulated abundant experiences on managing community epidemic prevention medical waste,however,a normalized prevention and control system still needed to be formed.The marine neighboring country Japan has an early start in managing infectious waste.Accordingly,this article researched infectious waste management system in Japan,summarized Japanese experience,compared situations between China and Japan,proposed 3 suggestions:(1)creating epidemic prevention and control development plan,embedding the content of managing community epidemic prevention medical waste into the plan;(2)establishing household medical waste separation and collection system;(3)detailing the introduction of epidemiological knowledge and instruction of measure operations in guidance document.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 社区防疫医疗废物 二次污染源 固体废物管理 常态化防控 

分 类 号：X799.5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]