田间补充灌溉施肥对菠萝生长、产量及水肥生产力的影响  

Effect of Supplementary Fertigation on Pineapple Growth,Yield and Fertigation Production

作　　者：安东升[1,4,5] 刘亚男 严程明[1,4,5] 赵宝山 刘洋 李昊儒 窦美安[1,4,5] AN Dongsheng;LIU Yanan;YAN Chengming;ZHAO Baoshan;LIU Yang;LI Haoru;DOU Meian(Zhanjing Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524013,China;South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Beijing,100081,China;Zhanji-ang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-term Agricultural Green Development,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;Guangdong Modern Agriculture(Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-saving Agriculture)Industrial Tech-nology Research and Development Center,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站,广东湛江524013 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]农业农村部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [4]国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站,广东湛江524091 [5]广东省级现代农业(耕地保育与节水农业)产业技术研发中心,广东湛江524013

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第6期1166-1173,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630102017003,No.1630062017024);农业农村部旱作节水重点实验室基金项目(No.2017KLDA02)。

摘　　要：为探明菠萝田间控水减肥效应及确定补充灌溉施肥水平,为粤西地区菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供依据。研究以金菠萝‘MD-2’为材料,设置无灌溉常规施肥(常规),2个补灌W_(1)(–15~–35 kPa)和W_(2)(–35~–55 kPa)与3个肥料F_(1)(100%)、F_(2)(75%)和F_(3)(50%)梯度处理(F_(1)W_(1)、F_(2)W_(1)、F_(3)W_(1)、F_(1)W_(2)、F_(2)W_(2)、F_(3)W_(2)),以无灌溉无施肥作为对照(CK)。研究菠萝光合面积、光合效率、干物质积累、经济性状、灌溉水生产力及肥料偏生产力对不同处理的响应。结果表明,补充灌溉施肥能够显著提高菠萝株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数和植株干物质含量。水肥限制下,叶片数和叶长的减少是单株叶面积下降的主要因素,而光合面积的减小是干物质量下降的主要因素,菠萝植株生长受限来自于肥料减施和因干旱而导致的肥料利用受限。雨季干旱胁迫解除后叶片实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)能够快速恢复,但营养生长期光合面积显著下降的不可逆转仍然导致果实干物质量和产量显著下降。补充灌溉施肥条件下肥料偏生产力表现为F_(3)>F_(2)>F_(1),而果实田间产量和田间糖锤度均表现为F_(3)<F_(2)≈F_(1),因此确定F_(2)是最佳施肥水平;在F_(2)施肥水平下,水分生产力表现为W_(2)>W_(1),但果实增产率和田间糖锤度在W_(1)和W_(2)之间差异不显著。因此,采用F_(2)W_(2)补充灌溉施肥方式可为菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供支撑。Intensified seasonal drought turns into a crucial factor affecting tropic agricultural production only to pest and disease.From the autumn of 2014 to the spring of 2020,continuous days without effective precipitation exceeding 90 days and 120 days occurred in 4 years and 2 years,respectively.CAM-Cycling pathway makes pineapple a strong drought tolerance crop,but drought stress still restricts the growth and yield of pineapple even if it can live on.Heavy fertilization at the early growth stage without irrigation adopts in the production of pineapple due to the benefit limita-tion,which results in the decrease of yield and quality,low fertilizer utilization efficiency and farmland pollution.A major objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the supplementary fertigation on pineapple‘MD-2’at field condition.Two irrigation levels including W_(1)(-15~-35 kPa),W_(2)(-35~-55 kPa)and three fertilize levels including F_(1)(100%),F_(2)(75%),F_(3)(50%)were conducted as F_(1)W_(1),F_(2)W_(1),F_(3)W_(1),F_(1)W_(2),F_(2)W_(2),F_(3)W_(2) and traditional fertilizer without irrigation to explore the effect on photosynthetic area,PSII quantum use efficiency(ΦPSII),dry matter production,eco-nomic characters and fertigation production,taking non-fertigation as the contrast.The results showed that supplemen-tary fertigation significantly improved the plant height,leaf length,leaf width,leaf number and dry matter production of pineapple.The decrease of leaf number and leaf length was the main factor that reduced the single plant leaf area under fertigation and photosynthetic area reduction resulted in the decrease of dry matter production.The significant differ-ence of single plant leaf area and the aerial part dry matter production represented among the fertilizer levels rather than irrigation levels,confirmed that the adverse effects of pineapple growth under fertigation originated from the fertilizer reduction and limitation of fertilizer usage in drought.The PSII quantum use efficiency(ΦPSII)of pineapple D-leaf

关 键 词：补充灌溉施肥 菠萝 生长 产量 水肥生产力 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]