复杂社会研究中人类学方法的新进展  

The New Progress of Anthropological Methods in Research of Complex Societies

作　　者：周大鸣 肖明远[3] Zhou Daming;Xiao Mingyuan

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学,昆明市650500 [2]中山大学移民与族群研究中心 [3]中山大学人类学系,广州市510275

出　　处：《民族研究》2022年第2期82-93,140,141,共14页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：传统人类学研究习惯针对现存的“简单原始”的部落社会进行研究。随着人类学的发展以及研究领域的扩大,对于复杂文明的研究,尤其是面对中国这样历史悠久的国家,人类学研究如何继续成为一个值得关注的问题。面对这一挑战,人类学在复杂社会研究中诞生了一些重要研究方法。这些方法既有西方人类学方法运用于中国实践后的总结提升,又有基于中国传统研究理路进行的方法创新,还有数字时代人类学田野工作方法的新探讨。以历史人类学、多点民族志、快速评估法、互联网人类学为代表的研究方法,体现了复杂社会研究中人类学方法的新进展,有力回应了人类学田野方法能否胜任复杂社会研究这一问题的诸多质疑,促进了人类学与新的研究领域和新的时代要求的互相适应。人类学对于复杂社会的研究是完全可能、可行与必要的。The traditional anthropology used to focus on existing " simple and primitive" tribal societies.With the development of anthropology and the expansion of research fields,how to perpetuate the study of complex civilizations,especially a country with a long history such as China,has been a tricky problem in anthropology.Facing this challenge,anthropology has created some important research methods in the study of complex societies.These methods include the summary and improvement of the application of Western anthropological methods to China’s practice,the method innovations based on traditional Chinese research approaches,and the new discussions on anthropological fieldwork methods in the digital age.Represented by historical anthropology,multi-sited ethnography,Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA),and Internet anthropology,the research methods reflect the new progress of anthropological methods in research of complex societies,strongly support the adequacy of anthropological field methods in the new age,and improve the adaptive capacity of anthropology in face of the new fields and new times.Anthropology is suitable,competent and necessary to study the complex societies.

关 键 词：复杂社会 社区研究 历史人类学 多点民族志 快速评估法 互联网人类学 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]