机械旱直播方式对水稻产量和光合物质生产特征的影响  

Effects of mechanical dry direct seeding ways on rice yield and photosynthetic material production characteristics

作　　者：李绍平 邢志鹏 田晋钰 程爽 胡群 胡雅杰 郭保卫 魏海燕 张洪程 Li Shaoping;Xing Zhipeng;Tian Jinyu;Cheng Shuang;Hu Qun;Hu Yajie;Guo Baowei;Wei Haiyan;Zhang Hongcheng(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心,扬州225009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第7期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(20)1012);江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2020-58、NJ2021-63);江苏水稻产业技术体系(JATS[2021]485)项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：为探究不同机械旱直播方式对水稻产量形成的影响,该研究以优质食味粳稻南粳9108为供试材料,通过设置“双轴旋耕(耕深20 cm)、控深播种、两次镇压”旱直播(DDS-1);“一次旋耕(耕深17 cm)、7.5 cm精量密行匀播”旱直播(DDS-2)和“一次旋耕(耕深15 cm)、一次镇压”旱直播(DDS-3)3种机械旱直播方式,以水直播(WDS)和毯苗机插(MT)为对照,系统比较不同机械旱直播方式对水稻产量和光合物质生产特征的影响。结果表明,DDS-1较DDS-2和DDS-3分别增产3.42%~4.47%和5.10%~5.45%。与水直播和机插相比,机械旱直播方式的产量均有降低趋势,其中,DDS-1与WDS差异不显著。不同机械旱直播方式下,DDS-1出苗率、成苗率提高,改善了出苗质量。DDS-1比DDS-2和DDS-3提高了成熟期干物质积累总量,增幅分别为1.78%~2.94%和2.95%~4.60%,提高了抽穗至成熟期干物质累积量,增幅分别为3.73%~4.32%和5.45%~6.66%。DDS-1较DDS-2和DDS-3灌浆结实期的叶面积指数、群体生长率和光合势呈现不显著增大的趋势,但净同化率显著提升2.63%~3.60%和4.00%~5.50%。DDS-1比DDS-2和DDS-3在保证适宜有效穗数的基础上,分别提高穗粒数4.35%~6.46%和9.45%~11.97%及群体颖花量5.78%~7.99%和4.28%~8.04%,DDS-1较DDS-2的结实率显著提高5.02%~7.35%,较DDS-3略有所提高。综上所述,稻麦两熟地区麦秆全量还田条件下,选用适宜的机械旱直播方式有利于改善水稻的出苗状况,提高每穗粒数和群体颖花量,促进水稻生育中后期的光合生产能力的提升,最终促进旱直播稻产量的提高。Mechanical dry direct seeding has gradually been favored,with the continuous advancement of agricultural mechanization.This study aims to explore the impact of different mechanical dry direct seeding on rice yield.Taking 9108variety as the test material,the rice and wheat crops were collected in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The experiment was set the“dual-axis rotary tillage(20 cm tillage depth),controlled depth sowing,and two times of suppression”dry direct seeding(DDS-1),“one-time rotary tillage(tillage depth of 17 cm),and 7.5 cm precision.There were three mechanical dry direct seedings,namely,“uniform sowing”(DDS-2),“one-time rotary tillage(15 cm depth),and one-time suppression”dry direct seeding(DDS-3),with the water direct seeding(WDS)and blanket seedling planting(MT)as the control.The fertilizers used in each treatment were the same,where the pure nitrogen 270 kg/hm~2 was applied,and the form of quick-acting urea and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer was 40 d and 100 d once.The mixing ratio(pure nitrogen)of quick-acting urea and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for 40 days and 100 days was 5:1:4,and the phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were all applied on a one-time basis using a fertilizer thrower before sowing or transplanting,where the application P;O;was 135 kg/hm~2,and K;O was 240 kg/hm~2,according to the field operation requirements and agricultural time consumption of various local planting.The appropriate sowing period for each planting was designed,and the water supply was fully provided for the rice yield potential of each planting.A systematic comparison was implemented to clarify the effects of different mechanical dry direct seeding on the rice yield and photosynthetic production characteristics.The results showed that the yield of DDS-1 increased by 3.42%-4.47%and 5.10%-5.45%,respectively,compared with DDS-2 and DDS-3.The yield of mechanical dry direct seeding presented a decreasing trend,compared with the water direct seeding and mach

关 键 词：旱直播 种植方式 干物质 产量 光合特征 叶面积 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]