长期留茬免耕对河西绿洲灌区春小麦产量及稳定性的影响  

Effects of long-term no-tillage with crop stubbles on yield and stability of spring wheat in Hexi Oasis Irrigated Areas

作　　者：卢秉林[1,2] 包兴国 车宗贤[1,2] 张久东 吴科生[1,2] 杨蕊菊 Lu Binglin;Bao Xingguo;Che Zongxian;Zhang Jiudong;Wu Kesheng;Yang Ruiju(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water Saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Gansu),Ministry of Agriculture,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]农业部甘肃耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第7期117-126,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167010);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR5RA107)。

摘　　要：为探寻河西绿洲灌区春小麦高效可持续生产耕作措施,基于2004年设置的长期留茬免耕田间定位试验,针对单作小麦、春小麦/玉米、春小麦/大豆3种典型春小麦种植方式,在长期留茬免耕和传统翻耕条件下,通过分析2004-2018年小麦产量、产量构成要素及农艺性状的演变特征来诠释长期留茬免耕对春小麦产量的影响,同时分析评价产量的稳定性和可持续性,旨在为区域内春小麦的高效可持续生产提供理论依据。结果表明,单作小麦、春小麦/玉米和春小麦/大豆3种种植方式下的春小麦籽粒产量在年际间变动较大,呈锯齿状波动。与传统翻耕处理相比,留茬免耕的增产效应随种植年限的延长而不断增强,长期留茬免耕可以提高春小麦产量的稳定性和可持续性,而且间作相比单作可以更好地维持产量的可持续稳定生产能力。产量构成要素之间的叠加效应可以显著提高小麦籽粒产量,其中,2004-2012年留茬免耕主要通过显著提高穗粒数来增加小麦产量;2013-2018年,单作小麦和春小麦/大豆时,留茬免耕主要通过显著提高千粒质量来增加小麦产量,春小麦/玉米时,留茬免耕主要通过显著增加穗长来促进小麦生长,进而显著提高小麦产量。气温、降雨量和穗粒数在春小麦产量中起主要作用,收获指数和气温在春小麦产量稳定性中起主要作用,穗长和产量在春小麦产量可持续性中起主要作用。综上,留茬免耕是河西绿洲灌区单作小麦、春小麦/玉米和春小麦/大豆3种春小麦种植方式下切实可行的耕作措施。This study aims to explore the tillage practices for the efficient and sustainable production of spring wheat in Hexi Oasis Irrigated Areas.A long-term no-tillage with stubble field experiment was conducted in the Wuwei area(38°07′N,102°59′E),Gansu Province in China from 2004 to 2018.A split block design was also arranged in the experiment.The treatments included two tillage practices with No-Tillage with Stubble(NTS) and Traditional ploughed fallow(TS),where the subplots were three planting patterns with the Single Wheat(W),the Intercropping of Wheat and Maize(W/M),and the Intercropping of Wheat and Soybean(W/S).There were a total of six treatments each with three replicates.A systematic investigation was made to clarify the effects of long-term no-tillage with the crop stubbles on the spring wheat yield,in terms of the spring wheat yield,yield components,and evolution of agronomic characters.The stability and sustainability of crop yield were also analyzed under the different planting patterns of spring wheat.The research period was divided into 2004-2012and 2013-2018.The varieties of planting crops were changed uniformly in 2013,according to the crop yields.The results showed that there was a zigzag annual fluctuation in the grain yield of spring wheat,indicating the overall upward trend under the three spring wheat planting patterns of W,W/M,and W/S.The varieties of spring wheat posed no influence over the yield increase of no-tillage with the stubble before and after the year 2012,compared with the traditional ploughed fallow treatment.The average grain yield increased significantly,as the grain number per spike increased from 2004 to 2012,particularly with the extension of planting years.Specifically,the spring wheat variety of “Yongliang 4” significantly increased by 8.25%(W),5.65%(W/M),and 4.30%(W/S)(P<0.05),respectively,under the tillage practices of no-tillage with stubble.Furthermore,the average grain yield increased by 10.47%(W) and 10.20%(W/M)(P<0.05),respectively,for the spring wheat varie

关 键 词：降水 温度 秸秆 留茬免耕 春小麦 产量 产量稳定性 产量可持续性 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S512.12[农业科学—农艺学]