堆肥废气余热回用对寒区好氧堆肥的影响  

Effects of preheating ventilation air using exhaust gas on aerobic composting in cold regions

作　　者：王丽丽[1] 许雷 姚纪宇 王一豪 孙东升 王忠江[1,2] Wang Lili;Xu Lei;Yao Jiyu;Wang Yihao;Sun Dongsheng;Wang Zhongjiang(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Technology and Equipment for the Utilization of Agricultural Renewable Resources,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]寒地农业可再生资源利用技术与装备黑龙江省重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第7期237-244,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA21C024);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U21A20162);国家自然科学基金项目(51406032);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE026602);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(LBH-Q19008)。

摘　　要：黑龙江地处高寒地区,好氧堆肥存在自然升温、高温维持困难、增温设备能耗高、堆肥周期长等问题。该研究在传统好氧堆肥设备中增设板翅余热换热系统,利用堆肥废气热能预热通风空气,系统研究不同环境温度时堆肥废气余热回用对好氧堆肥增温效果及堆肥品质的影响。结果表明:通风量、通风频率分别为16 L/min、每间隔2 h通风20 min时更有利于堆体升温;回收堆体排出废气的余热预热通风空气能够显著提升好氧堆肥堆体的温度(P<0.05),环境温度分别为11.4~13.4℃和7.1~8.6℃时,堆体最高温度可分别达到63.8和62.4℃,50℃以上可分别维持7.15和5.61 d,而且在含水率、有机质、C/N、pH值、电导率(Electrical Conductivity,EC)等堆肥效果方面也更具优势,有机质含量可分别降到53.28%和55.06%。该余热回收系统实际可行,且当环境温度为7.1~8.6℃及以下时,好氧堆肥必须采取余热回用措施才能维持正常的堆体温度,达到无害化标准要求。研究结果可为北方高寒地区好氧堆肥技术的应用及推广提供支撑。Heilongjiang Province is the main grain-producing area and the major animal husbandry in China.It is a high demand to efficiently utilize the agricultural straw and livestock/poultry manure at present,particularly for the reduced and harmless treatments.The current comprehensive treatment can often include anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting.Among them,aerobic composting has been widely used in recent years,due to the short reaction cycle and favorable harmlessness effect.Furthermore,the organic fertilizer produced by aerobic composting can be used to effectively improve the soil in the fields.However,Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast of China,where winter is cold and long.It is difficult for the composting temperature to maintain high temperature.Consequently,excessive energy can often be consumed by the composting equipment during the long composting cycle.Alternatively,aerobic composting is one type of biochemical reaction process that produces heat.The average heat production of different composting materials can reach 1.91 kJ/kg of dry material so the maximum temperature can reach 65 ℃ or more.It can be feasible to utilize the heat energy recycling of exhaust gas for the heating air passing into the pile.The impact of ventilation on the temperature of the composting pile can be reduced to improve the efficiency and quality of composting.The heating energy consumption and composting cost can also be reduced for the further purification of the exhaust gas during composting.However,it still remained unclear about the influence of the preheating ventilation air using exhaust gas from composting on the composting process and compost quality.In this study,the plate-fin afterheat exchange system was designed and introduced into the aerobic composting system via preheating the ventilation air with the heat energy of exhaust gas during composting to reduce the restriction of low temperature in cold areas during aerobic composting.A systematic investigation was conducted to explore the effect

关 键 词：堆肥 通风 温度 有机质 余热回用 板翅换热器 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]