秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式对玉米田土壤物理性状的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Physical Properties under the Condition of Straw Returning

作　　者：张佳倩 李福 孙峰成 刘亚楠 王丽芳 张婷婷[1,2] 且天真 张德健[1,2] ZHANG Jiaqian;LI Fu;SUN Fengcheng;LIU Yanan;WANG Lifang;ZHANG Tingting;QIE Tianzhen;ZHANG Dejian(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,China;Key Laboratory of Pasture and Feature Crops Biotechnology Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第3期759-772,共14页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2020ZD0005-0403,zdzx2018017)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究旨在解决大兴安岭东麓地区黑土地耕地质量下降,秸秆资源过剩和秸秆焚烧造成的环境污染等突出问题。【方法】在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗那吉镇农业技术推广中心试验田设立了秸秆还田条件下深翻+重耙(SDH)、深松+重耙(SSH)、深松浅翻+重耙(SSS)、重耙(SH)、旋耕(SRT)、免耕(SZT)和传统耕作(CK)7个耕作处理,其中秸秆不还田传统耕作(CK)为对照组,探究2年内秸秆还田条件下不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状的影响,以确定提升大兴安岭东麓地区黑土地地力和优化土壤结构的最佳耕作方式,为土地可持续利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【结果】在秸秆还田条件下深松浅翻+重耙处理在0~60 cm土层均能够有效增加土壤大团粒结构。各处理土壤容重在0~60 cm土层呈现出逐年下降的趋势,孔隙度则呈现出增加的趋势。在40~60 cm土层,深翻+重耙、深松+重耙和深松浅翻+重耙处理较为显著的降低耕地容重,分别降低了11.00%、9.00%和5.00%,同时提高了土壤总孔隙度。两年内各处理土壤质量含水量随时间呈现出波动上升的趋势,并在灌浆期达到峰值。【结论】在设置的7个耕作处理中深松+重耙和深松浅翻+重耙较其他处理改善土壤结构、提升地力能力强,为此在秸秆还田条件下,可优先选用深松及深松浅翻作为试验地玉米种植的耕作方式。[Objective]This study aims to solve the problems such as the decline in the quality of arable black soil in the eastern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains,and the environmental problems caused by excess straw resources and environmental pollution caused by straw incineration.[Methods]This study selected the black soil land as the experimental land in the agricultural technology promotion center located in Naji Town,A’rong Banner of Hulunbeier city.The study trialed 7 farming meethods with the aim of returning straw to the field:deep plowing+heavy harrowing(SDH),deep loosening+heavy harrowing(SSH),deep loosening&shallow turning+heavy harrowing(SSS),heavy harrowing(SH),rotary tillage(SRT)and no-tillage(SZT),and traditional tillage as the controlled group.Byexploreing the effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties under the condition of straw returning in two years,this study determined the best tillage methods to improve soil fertility and optimize soil structure of black land in the eastern foothill of the Greater Khingan Mountains,thus providing a theoretical basis and technical support for sustainable land use.[Results]The study of different tillage methods on soil physical properties under the condition of returning straw to the field showed that deep loosening and shallow turning+heavy harrowing treatment could effectively increase the soil large aggregate structure at 0-60 cm soil layer.At the 0-60 cm soil layer,each treatment’s soil bulk density showed that with the increase of the cultivation year,the soil bulk density decreased year by year,while the porosity showed an increasing trend.At a soil layer of 40-60 cm,deep plowing+heavy harrowing,deep loosening+heavy harrowing,and deep loosening shallow plowing+heavy strenuous treatments significantly reduced the bulk density of cultivated land by 11.00%,9.00%and 5.00%,respectively.It increased the total prosity of soil at the same time.Research on soil quality and water content showed that the various treatments’overall soil

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作方式 土壤 物理性状 深松 深松浅翻 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] S344.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]