叶菜类蔬菜对重金属富集特征研究  

Study on Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Leafy Vegetables

作　　者：查燕 汤婕[2] 牛天新[1] ZHA Yan;TANG Jie;NIU Tianxin(Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Crop and Ecology Institute,Hangzhou,310024,China;Anhui Agricultural University,School of Resources and Environment,Hefei 230016,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院农作物(生态)所,浙江杭州310024 [2]安徽农业大学环境与资源学院,安徽合肥210036

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第3期773-782,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809001);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ20C030007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究旨在揭示不同品种叶菜对重金属的吸收累积特征,筛选重金属低累积型叶菜品种,降低潜在的健康风险。【方法】利用原子吸收光谱仪测定6种叶菜类蔬菜叶片中6种重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni和Zn含量,分析叶菜累积重金属的空间差异及种间差异,计算其富集系数(BF)、综合积累指数(MAI)及捕获率(CR),并对比清洗前后叶菜叶片中重金属含量。【结果】叶菜叶片中重金属含量存在空间差异和种间差异,以农科院叶菜叶片重金属含量最高,苋菜叶片中重金属含量显著高于其他5种叶菜。富集系数由大到小的排序依次为Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr和Pb,其中Cd富集系数均值大于1,其他元素富集系数均值均小于1。MAI指数由大到小依次排序为叶用番薯(4.77)、苋菜(3.78)、生菜(3.33)≈菠菜(3.26)、杭白菜(2.67)≈青菜(2.65)。6种叶菜均表示出对Pb、Cr有较强的捕获率,其中杭白菜对Pb和Cr的捕获率分别高达60.36%和51.19%。通过对比清洗前后叶菜叶片中重金属含量可知,清洗过的叶菜样品中6种重金属含量均低于未清洗叶菜样品,清洗对叶用番薯中Cr、Zn,青菜和叶用番薯中Pb、杭白菜中Pb、Cr及青菜中Ni有着较为显著的去除效果。【结论】建议在中轻度污染区域优先种植苋菜,在中轻度重金属复合污染土壤中,优先选择对Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb富集能力较弱的杭白菜进行种植,在大气Pb和Cr污染较高的风险区域避免叶菜露天种植。[Objective]This study aims to reveal the absorption and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in different leaf vegetables and screen leafy vegetable varieties with low heavy metal accumulation to reduce potential human health risks.[Methods]The contents of six heavy metals,including Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni and Zn,in the 6 cultivars of leafy vegetables were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer.Thespatial and interspecific differences of heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables were analyzed.Based on the observed data,the enrichment coefficient(BF),comprehensive accumulation index(MAI)and capture rate(CR)were calculated,and the heavy metal contents in the leaves before and after washing were compared.[Results]Spatial and interspecific differences in the content of heavy metals were found in the leafy vegetables,the highest content of heavy metals in leafy vegetables was found in those planted in Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Amaranthus tricolor L.was significantly higher than that of the other five species of leaf vegetables.The mean bioaccumulation factor(BF)was decreased in this order:Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb.Among them,while the average enrichment coefficient of Cd was more than 1,and the average enrichment coefficient of other elements was less than 1.T MAI index was decreased in this order:Ipomoea batatas(4.77)>Amaranthus tricolor L(3.78)>Lactuca sativa var.crispa(3.33)≈Spinacia oleracea L.(3.26)>Brassica chinensis var.oleifera(2.67)≈Brassica chinensis L(2.65).The six leaf vegetables showed strong capture rates of Pb and Cr,and the capture rates of Pb and Cr in Brassica chinensis var.oleifera were as high as 60.36%and 51.19%,respectively.By comparing the contents of heavy metal before and after cleaning the 6 cultivars of leafy vegetable,the contents of the Cd after cleaning were lower than those before cleaning.The cleaning had a significant removal effect on Cr and Zn in the leaves of Ipomoea batatas,Pb and Cr in the green vegetables and sweet potatoes,Pb and Cr in Brassica chinensis

关 键 词：叶菜 重金属 富集特征 捕获率 

分 类 号：X56[环境科学与工程—环境工程]