性侵幸存者的污名与心理复原  

The Role of Stigma in the Psychological Recovery of Sexual Assault Survivors

作　　者：何叶 高隽[1] HE Ye;GAO Jun(Department of Psychology,SSDPP,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院心理学系,上海200433

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2022年第3期693-698,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

摘　　要：性侵是一种严重的创伤性事件,性侵污名又会在多层面对幸存者造成二次伤害。本文从自我、人际和结构三个层面综述了被性侵的成年女性幸存者遭受的污名,总结了各层污名阻碍心理复原的可能机制。结构性污名既会通过系统歧视忽视幸存者的求助需求甚至造成二次创伤,又会通过文化规范塑造人际污名和自我污名;人际污名直接反映在幸存者受到的消极社会反应上,通过降低控制感、加深自责、增加不良应对等路径恶化创伤;被层层形塑的自我污名最终直接阻断心理复原。未来的心理学研究应进一步发展具体的污名构念,关注污名的社会成因,寻找保护性因素和增强本土理解。Sexual assault is a severely traumatic event which would bring stigma,making survivors suffering from second victimization.This article reviews stigmatization of adult female survivors from individual,interpersonal and structural levels.The possible mechanisms of stigmatization on survivors’ psychological recovery are also discussed.Structural stigma not only neglects the survivor’s need for help and even causes secondary trauma through systematic discrimination,but also shapes interpersonal and self-stigma through cultural norms.Interpersonal stigma which is directly reflected in the negative social reactions exacerbates trauma through mediated pathways of reduced sense of control,deepened self-blame and maladaptive coping.Self-stigma ultimately directly impedes psychological recovery.Future psychological research should further develop integrated and concrete conceptions of stigma,focus more on societal causes for stigma,and seek protective factors on negative effects of stigma on survivors along with enhancing local understanding of stigma on survivors.

关 键 词：性侵幸存者 污名 心理复原 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]