基于最大变化率的陕西省土壤侵蚀变化驱动因子分析  

Analysis of Driving Factors of Soil Erosion Changes in Shaanxi Province Based on the Maximum Change Rate

作　　者：赵宇豪 李崇明 何海珊 王清涛 吴健生 ZHAO Yuhao;LI Chongming;HE Haishan;WANG Qingtao;WU Jiansheng(Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology,School of Urban Planning and Design,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China;Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第7期105-111,114,共8页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB2102000);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2020402022)。

摘　　要：陕西省是我国水土流失严重省份和黄河的主要产沙区,为了给陕西省及黄河流域水土流失治理提供理论参考,基于逐月降水量数据和土壤属性、NDVI、DEM、土地利用等数据,采用RUSLE模型计算土壤侵蚀模数,并采用最大变化率法对2000—2015年陕西省土壤侵蚀强度时空变化的主要驱动因子进行了识别。结果表明:陕西省土壤侵蚀分布异质性较强,剧烈和极强烈侵蚀主要分布在陕北地区、少数分布在关中地区北部区域;2000—2015年陕西省土壤侵蚀强度总体呈现下降趋势,其中陕北地区土壤侵蚀强度一直呈下降趋势、关中和陕南地区呈现先升后降的变化趋势;陕西省土壤侵蚀强度时间变化的主要驱动因子,2000—2005年为降雨侵蚀力和植被覆盖,2005—2015年为降雨侵蚀力,2000—2015年长时段总体上为植被覆盖;陕西省土壤侵蚀强度空间变化主要驱动因子为植被覆盖和地形,其中榆林、铜川、宝鸡、西安、商洛、安康、汉中七市的主要驱动因子为植被覆盖,渭南、咸阳两市的主要驱动因子为地形,延安市的主要驱动因子为降雨侵蚀力。最大变化率法可用于识别土壤侵蚀时空变化的主要驱动因子,但在识别时间变化主要驱动因子时对降雨侵蚀力极端值较为敏感,应尽量扩大时间步长以消除其影响。Shaanxi Province is the main area of China’s soil erosion andsediment production area of the Yellow River.In order to provide theoretical reference for soil erosion control in Shaanxi Province and the Yellow River Basin,based on the data of monthly precipitation,soil attributes,NDVI,DEM and land use,the RUSLE model was used to calculate the soil erosion modulus and the maximum change rate method was used to identify the main driving factors of the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion intensity in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2015.The results show that the distribution of soil erosion in Shaanxi Province has strong heterogeneity,among which severe and very strong erosion are mainly distributed in northern Shaanxi area and a few in the northern part of Guanzhong area;from 2000 to 2015,the soil erosion intensity in northern Shaanxi shows an overall downward trend.Among them,the soil erosion intensity in northern Shaanxi area has been on a downward trend and the Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi areas have shown a trend of first rising and then falling;the main driving factor of the temporal change of soil erosion intensity in Shaanxi Province is vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015,and the co-driven rainfall erosivity and vegetation cover from 2000 to 2005,and rainfall erosivity from 2005 to 2015;the main driving factors for the spatial changes of soil erosion intensity in Shaanxi Province are vegetation cover and topography.Among them,Yulin,Tongchuan,Baoji,Xi’an,Shangluo,Ankang and Hanzhong are mainly driven by vegetation coverage,Weinan and Xianyang are driven by topography and Yan’an is driven by rainfall erosivity.The maximum change rate method can be used to identify the main driving factors of the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion,but it is more sensitive to the extreme value of rainfall erosivity when identifying the main driving factors of temporal changes and the time step size should be expanded as much as possible to eliminate its influence.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 强度分级 最大变化率 驱动因子 RUSLE模型 陕西省 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]