秸秆地下灌溉土壤水热分布规律试验研究  

Distribution of Soil Water and Heat Under Straw Subsurface Irrigation

作　　者：宰松梅[1,2] 罗昕 仵峰 张梦瑶[1] 王浩宇 刘生东 高浩 ZAI Songmei;LUO Xin;WU Feng;ZHANG Mengyao;WANG Haoyu;LIU Shengdong;GAO Hao(North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省节水农业重点实验室,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《人民黄河》2022年第7期148-155,共8页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979108);中原科技创新领军人才资助项目(194200510008)。

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了秸秆地下灌溉条件下土壤水热的分布规律。结果表明,在工作压力0.5 m、埋管长度为80 m条件下,供水1 h内水流可到达管尾,秸秆复合管可以作为田间毛管灌溉。秸秆地下灌溉过程中,土壤水分以秸秆复合管为中心向外运动形成上窄下宽椭圆形湿润锋;在埋深20 cm时,灌溉水主要影响范围在地表下50 cm和距管水平距离0.3 m内,该区域内土壤含水率与到秸秆复合管的距离负相关,不同距离含水率的差异达到显著水平;灌水量越大、灌水时间越长,土壤含水率达到稳定的时间越久。秸秆地下灌溉主要影响地表下10~30 cm的土壤温度,灌水量对土壤温度影响明显,灌溉水水温直接影响灌溉后土壤平均温度;距离秸秆复合管水平距离相同时,土壤温度的变化随深度的增加而减小。利用秸秆复合管进行地下灌溉时,冬灌灌水量为150~250 m^(3)/hm^(2),既可满足小麦需水,也不会造成土壤温度明显降低;春灌灌水量为250 m^(3)/hm^(2)左右,可为冬小麦生长创造较好的水热条件。Field experiments were conducted to study the law of soil water and heat transfer under the condition of stalk subsurface irrigation.The results show that the water flow can reach the end of the pipe within 1 hour of water supply under the conditions of a pressure head of 0.5 m and a buried pipe length of 80 m.And the stalk composite pipe can be used as field capillary for subsurface irrigation.During the stalk subsurface irrigation,the soil moisture moves outward with the straw composite pipe as the center in an oval shape with an upper narrow and a lower width.The main influence range of the irrigation water is 50 cm below the surface and 0.3 m horizontally away from the pipe as the burial depth is 20 cm,while the soil moisture is negatively correlated with the distance to the stalk composite pipe,with a significant difference;The greater the irrigation quota and the longer the irrigation time,the longer the soil moisture is stabilized.Stalk subsurface irrigation mainly affects the soil temperature at 10-30 cm below the surface.The irrigation quota has an obvious effect on the soil temperature.The temperature of irrigation water directly affects the average soil temperature after irrigation.The changes of soil temperature decrease with the increase of depth at the same horizontal distance from the stalk composite pipe.It can meet the water demand of wheat without a significant decrease of soil temperature with an irrigation quota of 150-250 m^(3)/hm^(2)in winter.It can create better hydrothermal conditions for the growth of winter wheat with an irrigation quota about 250 m^(3)/hm^(2)in spring for stalk subsurface irrigation.

关 键 词：秸秆复合管 地下灌溉 土壤水分 土壤温度 分布规律 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程] TU552[农业科学—农业工程]