《民法典》视域下狭义无权代理人对善意相对人的责任  

The Liability of the Narrow-Sense Unauthorized Agent to the Counterpart in Good Faith from the Perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：李昊珉 LI Hao-min(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期15-23,共9页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：狭义无权代理人对善意相对人的损害赔偿范围不限于信赖利益或者履行利益,在无权代理责任与侵权责任竞合时还可能包括固有利益损失。固有利益损失的纳入可通过《民法典》第一百七十一条第三款的扩张解释得以实现。该款但书并非将损害赔偿定性为某项特定的利益,而是从数量上限制损害赔偿不能使善意相对人获益,并指示可预见规则、减损规则的适用。狭义无权代理人对善意第三人的责任应保持无过失责任的基本状态,但考虑到可预见规则的适用给予法官的裁量空间,法官可以善意无权代理人可预见的赔偿范围有限为由,适度减轻其应承担的损害赔偿的数额。从以上责任的特征来看,将狭义无权代理人对善意相对人的责任视为法定特别责任更为合理。The scope of damage compensation borne by the narrow-sense unauthorized agent to the counterpart in good faith is not limited to the reliance interest or expected interest,which may include the loss of inherent interest when the liability for unauthorized agency concurs with the liability for tort.The inclusion of the loss of inherent interest can be realized through the expanded interpretation of Paragraph 3,Article 171 of the Civil Code.The proviso of Paragraph 3 does not define the damage compensation as a specific interest,but restricts the amount so that the damage compensation cannot benefit the counterpart in good faith,indicating the application of the remoteness rule and the mitigation rule.The liability of the narrow-sense unauthorized agent to the counterpart in good faith shall keep the basic status of no-fault liability.However,with the discretion space derived from the application of the remoteness rule,the judge can moderately reduce the amount of compensation borne by the unauthorized agent in good faith for the reason of the limited scope of foreseeable damages by the unauthorized agent in good faith.According to the characteristics of the above liability,it is more reasonable to regard the liability of the narrow-sense unauthorized agent to the counterpart in good faith as the statutory special liability.

关 键 词：《民法典》 无权代理 责任竞合 损害赔偿 固有利益 主观状态 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]