基于LCA方法的二氧化碳爆破环境影响分析  

Environmental Impact Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Blasting Based on LCA Method

作　　者：许小泉 XU Xiao-quan(CRCC Harbour and Channel Engineering Bureau Group Co Ltd,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁建港航局集团有限公司武汉分公司,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2022年第3期36-40,共5页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：中国铁建港航局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(2021-C47)。

摘　　要：为了考察二氧化碳爆破的环保性能,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法分析了从原材料和能源生产、致裂器加工组装、现场爆破和最终废弃物处置全阶段所造成的环境影响,定量地得出了生命周期影响评价结果。结果表明,二氧化碳爆破生命周期对海洋生态毒性方面的环境影响程度最高,其次是淡水生态毒性、淡水富营养化、金属资源枯竭以及人类毒性。在二氧化碳爆破整个生命周期中,主要污染环节是包括钢铁生产过程和电能生产过程在内的原材料和能源生产阶段,对环境影响的贡献占比超过50%。通过与传统爆破方法生命周期评价对比发现,二氧化碳爆破并不比传统爆破方法更清洁环保,反而对水体造成了巨量污染,需要引起重视并进一步改进。To investigate the environmental impact of carbon dioxide blasting, life cycle assessment(LCA) method was used to analyze the environmental impact caused during the full process, from raw materials and energy production, manufacturing and assembly of cracker to on-site blasting and final disposal of wastes. Then, LCA results were obtained quantitatively. It is shown that the life cycle of carbon dioxide blasting has brought the greatest influence to marine environment in terms of ecotoxicity, followed by freshwater ecotoxicity, freshwater eutrophication, metallic resource depletion and human toxicity. In the whole life cycle of carbon dioxide blasting, the main pollution comes from raw materials and energy production stages during processes of steel and iron production and electric energy generation, which accounts for more than 50% of total environmental impact. Compared with the life cycle of traditional blasting, it is found that carbon dioxide blasting is not cleaner and more environmentally friendly, even can bring huge pollution to water, which needs to cause attention and be further improved.

关 键 词：二氧化碳爆破 生命周期评价 定量分析 环境影响 液态二氧化碳相变破岩 

分 类 号：X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]