铂钯精矿中砷碲的碱性湿法选择性分离研究  

Selective Separation of As and Te from Pt-Pd Concentrate Using Alkaline Leaching

作　　者：徐娟 张福元 张金池 赵卓 Xu Juan;Zhang Fuyuan;Zhang Jinchi;Zhao Zhuo(Modern Analysis and Testing Center,Anhui University of Technology,Ma'anshan 243032,China;School of Metallurgical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma'anshan 243032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学现代分析测试中心,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]安徽工业大学冶金工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032

出　　处：《稀有金属》2022年第5期627-635,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合项目(U1703130)资助。

摘　　要：以铜阳极泥分铜后液高效还原所得铂钯精矿为研究对象,采用常压碱浸工艺高效分离As和Te等杂质,碱浸液用H_(2)SO_(4)中和沉碲、实现As和Te的高效分离。试验考察了H_(2)O_(2)用量、NaOH浓度、液固比、反应时间和温度等参数对As和Te浸出率的影响,及碱浸液中和pH值和反应时间对As和Te分离效果的影响。结果表明:在NaOH浓度2.5 mol·L^(-1)、液固比5:1、不添加H_(2)O_(2)常温搅拌浸出1 h优化条件下,碱浸渣率为41.53%,Te和As的浸出率分别达到97.46%和99.17%;碱浸液采用H_(2)SO_(4)中和至pH=5后反应1.5 h,沉碲后液中Te含量仅为0.1416 g·L^(-1),所得TeO_(2)沉淀中Te含量为71.77%、As含量为0.919%,粗TeO_(2)沉淀经一次提纯后Te和As含量分别为77.55%和0.050%,X射线衍射(XRD)显示主要物相为TeO_(2),扫描电镜(SEM)表明微观形貌为大小不均的非规则鳞片状。铂钯精矿常压碱浸可有效浸出杂质元素As和Te,碱浸液硫酸中和实现As和Te的高效分离,该工艺的成功开发可为铂钯精矿的清洁富集和碲的高效分离提供一定的工艺参数和理论依据。Platinum group metals(PGMs)are important strategic and critical resource.The mineral resources of PGMs are predominately localized in South Africa and Russia,and others are mainly in a few countries,such as Zimbabwe and the United States.China's PGMs mineral resources are extremely deficient,the prospective reserves is only about 350 tons,which is no more than 0.5%of the world's total reserves.However,China is the largest PGMs consumer in the world,how to efficiently separate and enrich PGMs from a variety of resources has become an important way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand in China.Copper anode slime is an important raw material which is rich in many rare and precious metals,it has become a hot spot in the treatment of how to efficiently and greenly recover Au,Ag,Pt and Pd.According to the configuration characteristics of Au,Ag,Pt,Pd and Te in the copper-rich solution from copper anode slime,the research group established a new online in-situ high-efficiency reduction rare and precious metals novel approach to obtain high-grade platinum palladium concentrate,the main impurities of the concentrate were As and Te.Nonferrous smelting dust was usually used to separate As through acid leaching,alkali leaching and water leaching methods.The main processes of separating tellurium by hydrometallurgy were acid leaching and alkali leaching,the raw material was Pt-Pd concentrate obtained by zinc replacement and smelting slag from Kaldor furnace.However,the composition and impurities of Pt-Pd concentrate were complex and changeable,and the experimental raw materials had unique secondary mineral characteristics,so it was necessary to systematically explore the leaching behavior of As and Te in order to obtain the optimum leaching conditions.The soluble metal salts in Pt-Pd concentrate were removed through washing,obtained residue was light yellow powder.The micro morphology,phase composition and valance of elements in the samples were systematically characterized by the means of chemical analysis,X-r

关 键 词：铂钯精矿 碱浸 砷 碲 分离 

分 类 号：TD92[矿业工程—选矿]