干细胞外泌体治疗椎间盘退变的研究进展  

Advances in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration by stem cell exosomes

作　　者：苏炜良 吴晓淋 郭柱[1] 沈娜娜[2] 刘畅[1] 杨帅[1] 王岩[1] 张国庆[1] 陈五军 相宏飞[1] 陈伯华[1] Su Weiliang;Wu Xiaolin;Guo Zhu;Shen Nana;Liu Chang;Yang Shuai;Wang Yan;Zhang Guoqing;Chen Wujun;Xiang Hongfei;Chen Bohua(Department of Spine Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,China;Department of Rehabilita-tion,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,China;Cancer Institute,the Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学附属医院脊柱外科,266000 [2]青岛大学附属医院康复医学二科,266000 [3]青岛大学肿瘤研究所,266000

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2021年第4期253-261,共9页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81802190,81772412);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019BH084);泰山学者青年专家工程项目(tsqn201909190);青岛市应用基础研究计划项目(19-6-2-51-cg);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0121404)。

摘　　要：外泌体是拥有由脂质构成双层球状膜的囊泡,能够被干细胞在内的多种细胞所分泌。外泌体所具有的独特生物学特性和无法替代的强大功能在细胞间通讯中发挥着举足轻重的作用。干细胞外泌体所含有的多种细胞因子、信号蛋白、脂质以及调节性核酸等成分能够对肾脏、肝脏、心脏、血管以及神经等的损伤发挥保护作用。干细胞外泌体在通过抑制髓核细胞凋亡、增加细胞外基质合成等方式延缓椎间盘的退变进程,其发挥作用的主要机制主要通过miRNA及相关信号通路。虽然对干细胞外泌体在椎间盘中的作用机制进行了初步探索,但外泌体所包含的成分复杂,具体情况尚未完全明了,仍需深入研究。主要通过对干细胞外泌体的特性及功能、提取、鉴定和贮存方法,对其他多种组织的作用,及其对椎间盘的作用和作用机制等方面进行阐述,为椎间盘退变性疾病的研究提供依据。Exosomes are vesicles with a double globular membrane of lipids that can be secreted by a variety of cells,in⁃cluding stem cells.Exosomes have unique biological characteristics and irreplaceable powerful functions which play an important role in intercellular communication.The various cytokines,signal proteins,lipids and regulatory nucleic acids contained in stem cell exosomes can play a protective role against the injury of kidney,liver,heart,blood vessels and nerves.Stem cell exosomes de⁃lay the process of intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and increasing the synthe⁃sis of extracellular matrix,etc.The mechanism of its role is mainly through miRNA and related signaling pathways.Exosomes con⁃tain complex components.Although the mechanism of action of exosomes in intervertebral discs has been preliminarily explored,the components contained in exosomes are complex and the specific situation has not been fully understood,which still needs fur⁃ther study.In this review,the characteristics and functions of stem cell exosomes,extraction,identification and storage methods,the impacttovarious other tissues,as well as the effects on intervertebral discs and their mechanisms were elaborated in order to provide a basis for the study of intervertebral disc degenerative diseases.

关 键 词：外泌体 细胞间通讯 干细胞 贮存方法 椎间盘退变 细胞因子 髓核细胞 信号蛋白 

分 类 号：R681.5[医药卫生—骨科学]