水下爆炸近自由面空化载荷特性分析  

Characteristic Analysis of Cavitation Load Near Free Surfaces in Underwater Explosions

作　　者：余俊[1,2] 初东阳 王海坤 沈超[1] 沈文妮 余扬 YU Jun;CHU Dong-yang;WANG Hai-kun;SHEN Chao;SHEN Wen-ni;YU Yang(China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China;Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technology Science,Wuxi 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏无锡214082 [2]深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏无锡214082

出　　处：《水下无人系统学报》2022年第3期283-291,共9页Journal of Unmanned Undersea Systems

摘　　要：水下爆炸近自由面空化对于冲击波传播、爆炸气泡运动以及水面结构冲击损伤都存在重要影响。目前国内外主要采用单流体模型来处理空化,但是难以精确获得空化演化过程中的溃灭载荷以及空化域内部的流场特征。文中引入考虑相变转换的四方程模型,利用2阶MUSCL-Hancock重构格式和HLLC近似黎曼求解器求解齐次双曲型方程,再采用牛顿迭代法求解相变方程。利用水下爆炸近自由面空化试验对该模型进行了初步验证,获得了空化域的典型运动形态和内部压力载荷特性。并在此基础上探索了不同爆深和药量对空化载荷的影响规律,发现空化域内部压力分布范围较广,并非维持在恒定的饱和蒸汽压附近。文中工作可为水下爆炸空化的深入研究提供参考。Cavitation near free surfaces in underwater explosions has a significant influence on shockwave propagation,explosion bubble movement,and structure impact damage.Currently,the one-fluid model is widely used to analyze cavitation.However,it is difficult to accurately obtain the collapse load during the process of cavitation evolution and characteristics of the flow field in the cavitation domain.In this paper,a four-equation model considering phase transition is introduced.The second-order MUSCL-Hancock reconstruction scheme and HLLC approximate Riemann solver are adopted to solve the homogeneous hyperbolic equation and then the Newton iterative method is used to solve the phase transition equation.The proposed method was preliminarily verified through underwater explosion tests near a free surface,and the typical motion pattern and internal pressure load characteristics in the cavitation domain were captured.The effects of different explosion depths and charge weights on cavitation load characteristics were explored.The results indicate that the pressure in the cavitation domain has a wide distribution that is not maintained near the constant saturated vapor pressure.The results of this paper can provide a reference for further studies on underwater explosions cavitation.

关 键 词：水下爆炸 相变转换 四方程模型 空化载荷 

分 类 号：TJ63[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程] U774.7[交通运输工程] O359[理学—流体力学]